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Related Concept Videos

Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
Colors and Magnetism03:02

Colors and Magnetism

Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human eye.
Coordination Number and Geometry02:57

Coordination Number and Geometry

For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...

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The Synthesis of [Sn10(Si(SiMe3)3)4]2- Using a Metastable Sn(I) Halide Solution Synthesized via a Co-condensation Technique
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The Synthesis of [Sn10(Si(SiMe3)3)4]2- Using a Metastable Sn(I) Halide Solution Synthesized via a Co-condensation Technique

Published on: November 28, 2016

Cationic cryptand complexes of tin(II).

Jessica C Avery1, Margaret A Hanson, Rolfe H Herber

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7.

Inorganic Chemistry
|June 13, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New tin(II) cryptand complexes were synthesized and characterized. These cationic complexes offer novel insights into tin chemistry and coordination compounds, expanding the toolkit for materials science.

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Thermochemical Studies of Ni(II) and Zn(II) Ternary Complexes Using Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry

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Area of Science:

  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Coordination Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Tin(II) compounds exhibit diverse coordination behaviors.
  • Cryptands are macrocyclic ligands known for their ability to encapsulate metal ions.
  • Understanding the structure and properties of tin(II) complexes is crucial for developing new materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize novel cationic cryptand complexes of tin(II).
  • To characterize these complexes using various spectroscopic and analytical techniques.
  • To explore the coordination chemistry of tin(II) with cryptand[2.2.2].

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of tin(II) cryptand complexes via direct reaction or using trimethylsilyl reagents.
  • Characterization using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.
  • Analysis through Raman spectroscopy, temperature-dependent Mössbauer spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and X-ray diffraction.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of four cationic cryptand complexes of tin(II): [Cryptand[2.2.2]SnX][SnX(3)] (X = Cl, Br, I) and [Cryptand[2.2.2]Sn][OTf](2).
  • Comprehensive structural and spectroscopic data confirming the formation and nature of the complexes.
  • Detailed insights into the coordination environment and electronic properties of the tin(II) center.

Conclusions:

  • The study demonstrates the feasibility of synthesizing stable cationic tin(II) cryptand complexes.
  • These complexes represent a new class of coordination compounds with potential applications.
  • The findings contribute to the fundamental understanding of tin coordination chemistry.