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Related Concept Videos

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Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids

Synthetic and semisynthetic opioids are pivotal in pain management and tackling opioid addiction. Semisynthetic opioids, including morphinans (morphine derivatives), oxycodone, oxymorphone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone, have improved pharmacokinetic profiles compared to morphine. Additionally, heroin and 6-MAM (6-Monoacetylmorphine) show better CNS penetration than morphine due to heightened lipid solubility. Hydromorphone, a potent opioid, undergoes hepatic metabolism to form the active...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Novel Apparatus and Method for Drug Reinforcement
07:32

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Published on: August 20, 2010

Intranasal oxycodone self-administration in non-dependent opioid abusers.

Lisa S Middleton1, Michelle R Lofwall, Paul A Nuzzo

  • 1Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40502, USA. sharon.walsh@uky.edu

Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology
|June 13, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Intranasal oxycodone self-administration was dose-dependent in individuals with opioid use disorder. This validated model can assess opioid reinforcing effects and test new addiction treatments.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Neuroscience
  • Addiction Research

Background:

  • Oxycodone, an opioid, is frequently misused intranasally.
  • Understanding its reinforcing effects is crucial for developing addiction treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a model of intranasal oxycodone self-administration.
  • To assess the reinforcing effects of oxycodone and potential pharmacotherapies for opioid use disorders.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study with 8 participants.
  • Participants self-administered varying doses of intranasal oxycodone under progressive ratio schedules.
  • Physiological and subjective measures were collected.

Main Results:

  • Intranasal oxycodone self-administration was dose-dependent.
  • Participants worked less for oxycodone when money was an alternative, but only modestly.
  • Subjective ratings of positive drug effects correlated with self-administration behavior.

Conclusions:

  • The developed self-administration model effectively detects the reinforcing properties of intranasal oxycodone.
  • This model can be used to study opioid characteristics and evaluate pharmacotherapies for opioid use disorder.