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Non-invasive brain stimulation in neurological diseases
Robert Schulz1, Christian Gerloff, Friedhelm C Hummel
1Brain Imaging and Neurostimulation (BINS) Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
Neuropharmacology
|June 13, 2012
Summary
Non-invasive brain stimulation techniques like transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) show promise for improving motor and cognitive functions in stroke and Parkinson's disease patients.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Neurology
- Rehabilitation Medicine
Background:
- Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) modulates human brain plasticity.
- NIBS is explored for neurological diseases to enhance adaptive processes and prevent maladaptive ones.
- Stroke and Parkinson's disease involve sensorimotor, cognitive, and motor impairments.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide an updated framework on transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS).
- To review the application of TMS and tDCS in improving motor and cognitive functions in stroke and Parkinson's disease.
- To discuss current controversies and future directions in NIBS for neurological disorders.
Main Methods:
- Review of current scientific literature on TMS and tDCS.
- Focus on applications in stroke and Parkinson's disease.
- Discussion of selected examples rather than a comprehensive review.
Main Results:
- TMS and tDCS are investigated for functional recovery in stroke (sensorimotor, cognitive impairments).
- Brain stimulation is evaluated for improving motor and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease.
- NIBS offers a framework for enhancing functions in common neurological diseases.
Conclusions:
- NIBS, specifically TMS and tDCS, holds potential for neurological rehabilitation.
- Further research is needed to address open controversies and guide future applications.
- This review serves as a current framework for NIBS in stroke and Parkinson's disease.
