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Related Concept Videos

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
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Targets for Drug Action: Overview01:26

Targets for Drug Action: Overview

Drugs target macromolecules to modify ongoing cellular processes. Primary drug targets include receptors, ion channels, transporters, and enzymes.
Receptors are either membrane-spanning or intracellular proteins, which upon binding a ligand, get activated and transmit the signal downstream to elicit a response. Drugs bind receptors, either mimicking the action of endogenous ligands or blocking the receptor activity to bring about a modified response. Nearly 35% of approved drugs target the G...
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Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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Drugs that Destabilize Microtubules

Microtubules are dynamic structures and can be regulated by microtubule targeting agents (MTAs). Microtubule destabilizing drugs are a class of MTAs that destabilize and prevent microtubules' polymerization. Both natural and synthetic chemicals can be found under this class of drugs. Vincristine and vinblastine, two vinca alkaloids, and colchicine were among the first to be discovered. These drugs can affect cells in various ways, either by inducing a change in cell morphology, preventing...
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted

Site-targeted drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity and treatment costs. Unlike conventional methods, these systems ensure precise drug delivery, improving bioavailability and reducing side effects. Targeted drug delivery is classified into three levels. First-order targeting directs drugs to the capillary beds of specific organs or tissues. Second-order targets specific cell types, such as tumor cells, using receptor-mediated interactions.

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Related Experiment Video

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Experimental Approaches to Study Mitochondrial Localization and Function of a Nuclear Cell Cycle Kinase, Cdk1
13:15

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Published on: February 25, 2016

Targeting drugs to mitochondria.

Anne Heller1, Gero Brockhoff, Achim Goepferich

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany. anne.heller@chemie.uni-regensburg.de

European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics : Official Journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft Fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik E.V
|June 13, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Mitochondrial dysfunction is linked to diseases, necessitating targeted therapies. This review explores strategies for delivering drugs to mitochondria, overcoming cellular barriers for effective treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Mitochondrial biology and disease
  • Drug delivery and nanomedicine
  • Pharmaceutical research

Background:

  • Mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in diverse diseases.
  • Mitochondria's intracellular location presents drug delivery challenges.
  • Selective drug accumulation in mitochondria is crucial for therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the need for mitochondria-specific therapies.
  • To discuss intracellular targets and mitochondrial specificities.
  • To explore drug targeting strategies and investigation techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of mitochondrial research.
  • Analysis of drug targeting strategies for mitochondria.
  • Overview of techniques for assessing mitochondrial function.

Main Results:

  • Mitochondrial properties and dysfunctions drive the need for targeted therapies.
  • Various strategies exist for modifying drugs or using nanocarriers for mitochondrial delivery.
  • Techniques for investigating mitochondrial characteristics are available.

Conclusions:

  • Targeted drug delivery to mitochondria is essential for treating mitochondrial diseases.
  • Understanding mitochondrial specificities is key to developing effective therapies.
  • Further research into mitochondrial targeting and investigation is warranted.