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Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
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Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
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Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
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Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...
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Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid receptor...

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Detection of Polyfunctional T Cells in Children Vaccinated with Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine via the Flow Cytometry Technique
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Tick-borne encephalitis in children.

Kevin Rostasy1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics IV, Division of Pediatric Neurology and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria. kevin.rostasy@uki.at

Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)
|June 13, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in children generally has a better prognosis than in adults. However, TBE can still cause significant illness, death, and potential cognitive issues in some pediatric cases.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a significant viral infection affecting the central nervous system.
  • Understanding TBE's clinical impact in pediatric populations is crucial for effective management and prognosis.
  • Existing literature highlights TBE's varied presentation and outcomes in children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize key clinical findings and implications of TBE in children.
  • To provide an overview of TBE's impact on pediatric patients based on current research.
  • To identify areas for future research regarding TBE in pediatric populations.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review utilizing PubMed.
  • Search terms included "tick-borne encephalitis", "children", "infection", "meningitis", "meningoencephalitis", and "outcome".
  • Analysis focused on clinical manifestations, prognosis, and long-term effects in pediatric TBE cases.

Main Results:

  • TBE in children shares similarities with adult cases but typically presents with a better overall prognosis.
  • A subset of pediatric patients experiences substantial morbidity and mortality due to TBE.
  • Emerging evidence suggests potential cognitive dysfunctions following TBE infection in children.

Conclusions:

  • While TBE prognosis is generally better in children, severe outcomes remain a concern.
  • Cognitive sequelae in pediatric TBE warrant further in-depth investigation.
  • Continued research is essential to fully understand and address the long-term implications of TBE in children.