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Related Concept Videos

Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
Breathing01:05

Breathing

The process of breathing, inhaling and exhaling, involves the coordinated movement of the chest wall, the lungs, and the muscles that move them. Two muscle groups with important roles in breathing are the diaphragm, located directly below the lungs, and the intercostal muscles, which lie between the ribs. When the diaphragm contracts, it moves downward, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and creating more room for the lungs to expand. When the intercostal muscles contract, the ribs...
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Oxygen Therapy for Respiratory Failure01:16

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Oxygen Therapy for Respiratory Failure

Oxygen therapy has emerged as a significant tool in enhancing the quality of life for patients suffering from pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). While this therapy has principally been studied on patients with significant hypoxemia, this therapeutic approach helps prevent potential organ damage and can be administered in the comfort of one's home.
Oxygen therapy is vital in increasing and maintaining blood oxygen levels in PAH patients. As a result, it aids in reducing fatigue, improving...
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists01:27

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists

5-HT3 receptor antagonists, such as dolasetron, granisetron (Kytril), ondansetron (Zofran), and palonosetron (Axoli), are crucial in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and postoperative nausea. These drugs selectively block 5-HT3 receptors in the visceral vagal and spinal afferent nerves, chemoreceptor trigger zone, and the vomiting center. They have a rapid onset of action and can be given as a single dose before chemotherapy. Ondansetron and granisetron, in particular,...
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Bone Marrow Sampling and Transplants

Bone marrow transplant is a potential cure for several diseases, including cancer and specific genetic disorders. Notably, this procedure is applicable for patients suffering from aplastic anemia, certain types of leukemia, severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID), Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, thalassemia, sickle-cell disease, and certain cancers.
The transplant begins with high doses of chemotherapy and radiation treatment, which aim to destroy the...

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Updated: May 21, 2026

Voluntary Breath-hold Technique for Reducing Heart Dose in Left Breast Radiotherapy
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Published on: July 3, 2014

Breathless on bortezomib.

Devaki O'Riordan1, John Houghton, Roger Chisholm

  • 1Respiratory Medicine Department, MAHSC at Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK. devaki.o’riordan@srft.nhs.uk

BMJ Case Reports
|June 13, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Episodic acute pneumonitis is a rare, potentially fatal adverse effect of bortezomib treatment for multiple myeloma. Increased physician and patient awareness is crucial for early recognition and management of this serious complication.

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Bortezomib is a proteasome inhibitor increasingly used for multiple myeloma treatment.
  • Adverse effects of bortezomib require careful monitoring and prompt recognition.

Observation:

  • A case of recurrent acute pneumonitis following repeated bortezomib administration is presented.
  • Symptoms included fever, dyspnea, hypoxia, and interstitial changes on imaging.
  • Delayed presentation complicated the recognition of this adverse event.

Findings:

  • The episodic pattern of pneumonitis suggests a potential link to bortezomib dosing.
  • The observed clinical and radiological features may provide insights into the condition's pathogenesis.
  • This rare complication has been documented in a limited number of patients.

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Implications:

  • Highlights the need for heightened awareness of bortezomib-induced pneumonitis among healthcare providers and patients.
  • Suggests that early recognition and intervention may be critical for managing this potentially fatal side effect.
  • Further research into the pathogenesis could guide the development of targeted treatments.