Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Psychosexual Stages of Personality: Phallic

Psychosexual Stages of Personality: Phallic

The third stage of psychosexual development proposed by Freud is the phallic stage, occurring between the ages of 3 and 6. During this period, children become aware of their bodies and the differences between males and females. The erogenous zone in this stage is the genitals, and conflicts arise as children develop desires toward the opposite-sex parent. Boys experience the Oedipus complex, where they desire their mother and view their father as a rival. This leads to castration anxiety, the...

Psychosexual Theory of Development

Psychosexual Theory of Development

Sigmund Freud's psychosexual theory of development suggests that early childhood experiences significantly shape personality and behavior. Freud proposed that development is discontinuous, occurring in five distinct stages, each defined by a focus on different erogenous zones. He believed that failure to resolve the conflicts specific to each stage successfully could result in fixation, potentially influencing behavior as adults.
The Five Stages of Psychosexual Development
Freud's psychosexual...

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
Diagnostic Criteria and...

Sex Linked Disorders

Sex Linked Disorders

Like autosomes, sex chromosomes contain a variety of genes necessary for normal body function. When a mutation in one of these genes results in biological deficits, the disorder is considered sex-linked.

Psychosexual Stages of Personality: Oral

Psychosexual Stages of Personality: Oral

The oral stage is the initial phase of Sigmund Freud's theory of psychosexual development, occurring from birth to approximately 12 to 18 months. During this period, the infant's mouth serves as the primary source of pleasure, with actions such as sucking, chewing, biting, and drinking playing a crucial role in reducing tension. These activities are essential not only for nourishment but also for the infant's psychological and emotional satisfaction.
Weaning, typically occurring around the age...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Inner retinal trauma from double-staining chromodissection.

Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie·2026

Same author

Archetypal Visual Field Analysis of Patients With Chronic Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy in Relation to Visual Recovery.

Investigative ophthalmology & visual science·2026

Same author

Characterization of Inferior Rectus Muscle Action in Normal Subjects Using Real-Time Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Orbit.

Craniomaxillofacial trauma & reconstruction·2026

Same author

LEBER HEREDITARY OPTIC NEUROPATHY: A CASE REPORT OF CONCURRENT RARE MITOCHONDRIAL MUTATIONS AND ABCA4 NUCLEAR GENE MUTATION.

Retinal cases & brief reports·2026

Same author

Comparing the Vitreous Floaters Functional Questionnaire to the VFQ-25 in Vision Degrading Myodesopsia from Vitreous Floaters.

American journal of ophthalmology·2026

Same author

Effect of IOP-lowering treatment and Pentoxifylline on retrobulbar blood flow in normal tension glaucoma: a color doppler imaging study.

Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

A Pipeline using Bilateral In Utero Electroporation to Interrogate Genetic Influences on Rodent Behavior

A Pipeline using Bilateral In Utero Electroporation to Interrogate Genetic Influences on Rodent Behavior

Published on: May 21, 2020

Bilateral oedipism.

Simon R Bababeygy¹, Alfredo A Sadun

¹Department of Ophthalmology, Doheny Eye Institute at University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA. simon.bababeygy@gmail.com

Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

|June 13, 2012

Summary

A young woman sustained self-inflicted orbital pencil injuries, resulting in optic canal penetration and severe visual loss. Despite psychiatric admission, her vision and cranial nerve function did not recover.

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Neurology
Psychiatry

Background:

Orbital trauma can lead to severe ocular and neurological deficits.
Self-inflicted injuries present unique challenges in management and prognosis.

Observation:

A 20-year-old woman presented with bilateral orbital self-inflicted pencil injuries.
CT angiography confirmed pencil penetration through the optic canals into the temporal lobes.

Findings:

The patient exhibited bilateral no light perception, fixed dilated pupils, complete ptosis, and complete ophthalmoplegia.
Neurological and ophthalmological deficits persisted despite psychiatric admission and supportive care.

Implications:

This case highlights the devastating consequences of self-inflicted orbital trauma.

More Related Videos

Surgical Correction for Pediatric Epiblepharon and Trichiasis

Surgical Correction for Pediatric Epiblepharon and Trichiasis

Published on: July 8, 2025

Electromagnetic Source Imaging in Presurgical Evaluation of Children with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy

Electromagnetic Source Imaging in Presurgical Evaluation of Children with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy

Published on: September 20, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 21, 2026

A Pipeline using Bilateral In Utero Electroporation to Interrogate Genetic Influences on Rodent Behavior

A Pipeline using Bilateral In Utero Electroporation to Interrogate Genetic Influences on Rodent Behavior

Published on: May 21, 2020

Surgical Correction for Pediatric Epiblepharon and Trichiasis

Surgical Correction for Pediatric Epiblepharon and Trichiasis

Published on: July 8, 2025

Electromagnetic Source Imaging in Presurgical Evaluation of Children with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy

Electromagnetic Source Imaging in Presurgical Evaluation of Children with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy

Published on: September 20, 2024

It underscores the importance of prompt neuro-ophthalmological evaluation and management in such severe injuries.

The lack of recovery emphasizes the critical nature of optic nerve and brainstem involvement.