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Related Experiment Videos

Event representation in Pavlovian conditioning: image and action.

P C Holland1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27706.

Cognition
|November 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary

Conditioned stimuli (CS) can control perceptual processing of unconditioned stimuli (US) even without the US being present. This suggests that conditioned sensation and imagery may be fundamental processes.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Psychology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Pavlovian conditioning involves pairing a conditioned stimulus (CS) with an unconditioned stimulus (US).
  • Typically, the CS acquires response characteristics of the US.
  • This study explores a novel aspect of CS-US interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if conditioned stimuli (CS) can control perceptual processing of unconditioned stimuli (US) in the absence of the US.
  • To provide evidence for "surrogate processing" mediated by CSs.
  • To explore the implications for conditioned sensation and imagery.

Main Methods:

  • Experiments were conducted with rats.
  • Evidence for surrogate processing was gathered through three types of observations.
  • Analysis focused on CS control of sensory-evaluative responses, CS substitution in new learning, and CS effects on other conditioning.

Main Results:

  • Conditioned stimuli (CS) controlled sensory-evaluative responses typically evoked only by unconditioned stimuli (US).
  • CSs substituted for USs in establishing new learning.
  • CSs modulated conditioning to other events, similar to USs.

Conclusions:

  • Conditioned stimuli (CS) can exert control over perceptual processing of unconditioned stimuli (US) in a manner akin to imagery or hallucination.
  • These findings suggest that conditioned sensation and imagery are basic processes.
  • Imagery may have evolved from perceptual and conditioning mechanisms for dealing with absent stimuli.

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