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Related Concept Videos

Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis01:23

Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis

The skin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital nutrient for various physiological processes in the body. Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized in the skin through a series of chemical reactions triggered by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
The solar UV B rays (290-315 nm) are absorbed by the skin, and 7-dehydrocholesterol (provitamin D3) photolyzes it to previtamin D3, which undergoes a rapid transformation to vitamin D3(cholecalciferol).
Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...
Vitamins01:30

Vitamins

Vitamins, derived from the Latin word for life, are essential organic substances required in small quantities for optimal growth and overall well-being. Unlike other organic nutrients, vitamins don't act as sources of energy or building materials but rather facilitate these nutrients' utilization by the body. Vitamins are predominantly coenzymes, assisting enzymes in specific chemical actions, like the oxidation of glucose for energy involving B vitamins. Most vitamins are not produced in our...
Connective Tissue Cell Types01:22

Connective Tissue Cell Types

Connective tissue develops from the mesoderm of a developing embryo and consists of cells, fibers, and ground substance: a gel-like material containing large complexes of carbohydrates and proteins. Connective tissue was first identified as a separate tissue family in the 18th century, and Johannes Peter Muller coined the term connective tissue.
Fat cells (adipocytes), smooth muscle cells (myoblasts), and bone cells (osteoblasts) are some connective tissue cell types. Some immune system cells...
Dosage Regimen: Individualization01:24

Dosage Regimen: Individualization

Individualization in dosing regimens is the customization of medication doses for individual patients. Its necessity arises from the goal of maximizing therapeutic benefits while minimizing risks. This approach is pivotal because human responses to drugs can vary widely; what is effective for one person may be inadequate or excessive for another. Interpatient (intersubject) variability refers to differences in drug responses between individuals, while intrapatient (intrasubject) variability...
Dosage Regimen: Fixed Dose01:01

Dosage Regimen: Fixed Dose

Fixed-dose regimens are a common approach to administer drugs to achieve and maintain desired levels of the drug in the body. In this dosing strategy, a specific amount of medication is given at regular intervals, often multiple times a day, to ensure a consistent drug concentration in the bloodstream.
Fixed-dose regimens can be used for various routes of administration, including intravenous (IV) injections and oral medications. For IV administration, a predetermined amount of the drug is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data
10:46

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data

Published on: December 9, 2015

How much vitamin D should I take?

Cathleen S Colón-Emeric1, Kenneth W Lyles

  • 1Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

The Journal of Clinical Investigation
|June 13, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This clinical vignette addresses vitamin D supplementation for a 68-year-old woman with osteopenia and low vitamin D levels. It guides the recommendation of a vitamin D regimen to effectively reduce fracture risk.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 21, 2026

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data
10:46

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data

Published on: December 9, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Geriatrics
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Osteopenia is a common condition characterized by reduced bone mineral density.
  • Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels are prevalent and linked to increased fracture risk.
  • Vitamin D deficiency is a modifiable risk factor for osteoporosis and fractures in older adults.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the optimal vitamin D supplement regimen for a patient with osteopenia and vitamin D deficiency.
  • To outline a strategy for fracture risk reduction in postmenopausal women with specific laboratory findings.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical case presentation of a 68-year-old woman with osteopenia.
  • Assessment of bone mineral density (total hip T score of –1.8).
  • Laboratory evaluation including serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level (13 ng/ml).

Main Results:

  • The patient presented with osteopenia and a significantly low serum 25(OH)D level.
  • No evidence of malabsorption was identified, simplifying treatment considerations.
  • The vignette poses a question regarding the appropriate vitamin D supplementation to mitigate fracture risk.

Conclusions:

  • Effective vitamin D repletion is crucial for managing osteopenia and reducing fracture risk.
  • Personalized supplementation strategies are necessary based on individual patient factors and laboratory values.
  • Addressing vitamin D deficiency is a key component of comprehensive bone health management in older adults.