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Updated: May 21, 2026

An Orthotopic Model of Murine Bladder Cancer
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An Orthotopic Model of Murine Bladder Cancer

Published on: February 6, 2011

Miniature microwave applicator for murine bladder hyperthermia studies.

Sara Salahi1, Paolo F Maccarini, Dario B Rodrigues

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA. sara.salahi@duke.edu

International Journal of Hyperthermia : the Official Journal of European Society for Hyperthermic Oncology, North American Hyperthermia Group
|June 14, 2012
PubMed
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Researchers developed a novel miniature microwave applicator for precise, deep heating of small tumors in mice, specifically targeting the murine bladder. This device enables localized hyperthermia for potential cancer therapy research.

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Medical Physics
  • Pre-clinical Research

Background:

  • Novel combinations of heat and chemotherapy are explored in murine tumor models.
  • A critical need exists for devices capable of selectively heating deep-seated small tumors in mice.
  • Targeting the murine bladder for localized hyperthermia presents a specific challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To model, build, and test a miniature microwave heat applicator for selective deep heating in murine models.
  • To design an applicator with adjustable dimensions for precise targeting of tumor volumes.
  • To specifically develop a device for localized heating of the murine bladder.

Main Methods:

  • A numerical mouse model was created using micro-MRI data and imported into HFSS simulation software.

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Protocol for Long Duration Whole Body Hyperthermia in Mice
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  • Parametric studies optimized a water-loaded circular waveguide for selective power deposition in a 0.15 mL murine bladder.
  • A prototype operating at 2.45 GHz was built and its heating performance evaluated using fiber-optic temperature sensors at various depths.

    • Main Results:

    • Thermal measurements validated simulation predictions, confirming localized deep heating capabilities in small animals.
    • The applicator achieved well-localized bladder heating (42-43°C) within the murine pelvis.
    • Normothermic skin and core temperatures were maintained during localized bladder heating.

    Conclusions:

    • Simulation techniques are effective for optimizing microwave antenna design for pre-clinical localized tumor heating.
    • The developed miniature water-coupled microwave applicator is effective for localized murine bladder heating.
    • This technology holds promise for pre-clinical studies involving localized hyperthermia in small animal models.