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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
Asthma I: Introduction01:28

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...
Type I Diabetes I: Introduction01:12

Type I Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin resulting from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Although it can occur at any age, it is most commonly diagnosed in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood. The loss of insulin production impairs cellular glucose uptake, resulting in persistent hyperglycemia and necessitating lifelong insulin therapy.Autoimmune Destruction of β-CellsThe hallmark of type 1 diabetes is an...
Asthma-I: Introduction01:29

Asthma-I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
04:39

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

Atopy as a risk factor for thyroid autoimmunity in children.

M Pedullà1, M Miraglia Del Giudice, V Fierro

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Second University of Naples, Italy.

Journal of Biological Regulators and Homeostatic Agents
|June 14, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Allergic diseases and autoimmune conditions may stem from immune system dysregulation. This study in children suggests a link between allergies and thyroid autoimmunity, potentially involving specific immune cells.

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Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
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Published on: March 17, 2023

Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis
07:22

Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis

Published on: May 31, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pediatrics
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Growing interest in the connection between allergic and autoimmune diseases.
  • Immune system dysregulation as a potential underlying factor.
  • Need to understand co-occurrence in pediatric populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity in children with allergic conditions.
  • To explore the relationship between allergic diseases and autoimmune outcomes.
  • To examine the potential role of immune cell subsets in these conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional evaluation of 566 children.
  • Assessment of allergic conditions including atopic dermatitis, urticaria, rhinitis, chronic cough, and asthma.
  • Screening for thyroid autoimmunity markers.

Main Results:

  • Suggests that allergic and autoimmune diseases can arise from common immune dysregulation.
  • Identified a potential link between allergic conditions and thyroid autoimmunity in children.
  • Hypothesizes a role for NK Th2 cells in favoring asthma and improving thyroid autoimmunity.

Conclusions:

  • Allergic and autoimmune diseases may represent divergent pathways of immune dysregulation.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the specific mechanisms, including the role of NK Th2 cells.
  • Findings highlight the complex interplay between allergy and autoimmunity in pediatric health.