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High tuberculosis exposure among neonates in a high tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus burden setting

A Bekker1, K Du Preez, H S Schaaf

  • 1Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Science, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa. adrie@sun.ac.za

The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease : the Official Journal of the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
|June 14, 2012
PubMed

Insights

Maternal tuberculosis (TB) significantly impacts neonatal screening, especially in HIV-prevalent areas. Improving TB care for mothers and infants is crucial for high-burden settings.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Neonatal Care

Background:

  • Maternal and neonatal tuberculosis (TB) are often underdiagnosed, particularly in regions with high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence.
  • The co-occurrence of TB and HIV presents unique challenges in maternal and infant healthcare.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the outcomes of routine tuberculosis screening in neonates in a South African hospital.
  • To identify the primary indications for neonatal TB screening and assess interventions provided.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective audit was conducted on neonates screened for TB in 2009.
  • Data were collected from clinical, laboratory, and pharmacy records.

Main Results:

  • Of 70 neonates screened, 60% were HIV-exposed. Maternal TB was the most common exposure (59%).
  • Among 50 neonates exposed to maternal TB, 16% were diagnosed with TB.
  • Interventions included TB chemoprophylaxis (72%), TB treatment (10%), and no intervention (18%).

Conclusions:

  • Maternal TB, especially in HIV-infected women, is a key reason for neonatal TB screening.
  • Enhanced routine screening of pregnant women and integrated TB care for mothers and infants are recommended in high TB/HIV burden settings.
Abstract

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