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Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...

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Updated: May 21, 2026

Protective Efficacy and Pulmonary Immune Response Following Subcutaneous and Intranasal BCG Administration in Mice

Protective Efficacy and Pulmonary Immune Response Following Subcutaneous and Intranasal BCG Administration in Mice

Published on: September 19, 2016

Leptin and mucosal immunity.

N M Mackey-Lawrence¹, W A Petri

¹Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA. nml2n@virginia.edu

Mucosal Immunology

|June 14, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Leptin receptor variations influence infection susceptibility. The Q223 allele confers resistance to amebiasis, while the 223R mutation increases susceptibility, highlighting leptin

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Genetics
Infectious Diseases

Background:

Congenital leptin or leptin receptor deficiency is linked to increased infection susceptibility in children.
Leptin deficiency impacts both innate and acquired immunity, as shown in mouse studies.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the impact of a common leptin receptor polymorphism on immune function and infectious disease susceptibility.
To explore the role of leptin signaling in intestinal epithelial protection against infections.

Main Methods:

Review of recent studies on leptin receptor polymorphisms and immunity.
Analysis of a Bangladesh cohort for amebiasis susceptibility.
Utilizing murine models to investigate leptin signaling pathways (STAT3, SHP2) in amebic colitis.

Main Results:

The ancestral Q223 allele of the leptin receptor was associated with amebiasis resistance in children.
Carriers of the leptin receptor 223R mutation showed increased susceptibility to amebic colitis in humans and mice.
Leptin signaling via STAT3 and SHP2 pathways in the intestinal epithelium is crucial for protection against amebic colitis in mice.

Conclusions:

Leptin receptor genotype influences susceptibility to infectious diseases like amebiasis.
Leptin signaling plays a protective role in the intestinal epithelium against pathogens.
Further research into leptin's role in infectious disease is warranted.