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Computer-aided approach for customized cell-based defect reconstruction.

Ulrich Meyer¹, Jörg Neunzehn, Hans Peter Wiesmann

¹Clinic for Maxillofacial and Plastic Facial Surgery, University of Düsseldorf, Münster, Germany. ulrich.meyer@med.uni-dusseldorf.de

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)

|June 14, 2012

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Computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) combined with tissue engineering effectively regenerated bone defects in minipigs. Autologous osteoblast-like cells on custom scaffolds promoted significant bone repair in vivo.

Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Tissue Engineering
Computer-Aided Technologies in Medicine

Background:

Computer-aided design (CAD), computer-aided manufacturing (CAM), and finite element method (FEM) are increasingly used in medical applications, including extracorporeal bone tissue engineering.
Individualized scaffolds are crucial for successful bone regeneration strategies.
Autologous osteoblast-like cells offer potential for in vivo bone repair.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the efficacy of autologous osteoblast-like cells cultured on individualized scaffolds for supporting bone regeneration in a clinical setting.
To assess the feasibility of using CAD/CAM techniques for creating patient-specific scaffolds for mandibular bone defects.

Main Methods:

Mandibular bone defects were created in Göttinger minipigs.

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Scaffolds were designed using CAD/CAM techniques and fabricated via rapid prototyping using polylactic acid/polyglycolic acid (PLA/PGA) copolymer.

Autologous osteoblast-like cells harvested from porcine calvaria were cultured in vitro and seeded onto the scaffolds.

Tissue-constructs were implanted into the bone defects and analyzed using computerized topographic scans, immunohistochemistry, and histology.

Main Results:

CAD/CAM-generated scaffolds demonstrated accurate fit in the defect sites.
Implanted tissue-constructs were well tolerated and supported bone formation.
Histological and immunohistochemical analyses confirmed the promotion of bone regeneration.

Conclusions:

In vitro expanded osteoblast-like cells on resorbable, individualized, computer-aided fabricated scaffolds can promote bone tissue defect repair in vivo.
The combination of computer modeling and tissue engineering shows promise for bone reconstructive surgery.
Further research is warranted to explore broader applications in reconstructive surgery.