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Related Concept Videos

Encoding01:19

Encoding

Information enters the brain through encoding, which is the input of information into the memory system. Once sensory information is received from the environment, the brain labels or codes it. The information is then organized with similar information and connected to existing concepts. Encoding occurs through automatic processing and effortful processing.
Automatic processing involves the encoding of details like time, space, frequency, and the meaning of words, usually done without conscious...
The Role of Ion Channels in Neuronal Computation01:19

The Role of Ion Channels in Neuronal Computation

A postsynaptic neuron usually receives numerous impulses from several other presynaptic neurons. The axon hillock of the postsynaptic neuron integrates all these signals and determines the likelihood of firing an action potential.
Sometimes a single EPSP is strong enough to induce an action potential in the postsynaptic neuron. However, multiple presynaptic inputs must often create EPSPs around the same time for the postsynaptic neuron to be sufficiently depolarized to fire an action potential.
Neuronal Communication01:28

Neuronal Communication

Neurons, the fundamental units of the brain and nervous system, communicate through complex electrochemical signals that underpin all cognitive and bodily functions. This communication is primarily facilitated by a process involving the generation and propagation of an action potential along the axon of the neuron. When the internal electrical charge of a neuron surpasses a certain threshold, an action potential is triggered. This rapid change in voltage travels swiftly along the axon to the...
Neural Circuits01:25

Neural Circuits

Neural circuits and neuronal pools are two of the main structures found in the nervous system. Neural circuits are networks of neurons that work together to carry out a specific task or process. They consist of interconnected neurons and glial cells, which provide structural and metabolic support.
Neuronal pools are collections of nerve cells with similar functions and interact through chemical and electrical signals. These pools include both interneurons (the central neural circuit nodes that...
Spinal Cord: Information Processing01:10

Spinal Cord: Information Processing

The spinal cord is an integral hub for motor and sensory information that enables the brain to communicate with the peripheral nervous system (PNS). This communication consists of relaying sensory data and transmission of motor commands.
Sensory Information Processing
Sensory information processing begins at the sensory receptors located in the skin and other tissues, which detect somatic sensory stimuli such as touch, temperature, or pain. These receptors function as catalysts, initiating...
Neural Regulation01:37

Neural Regulation

Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.

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Related Experiment Video

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Closed-loop Neuro-robotic Experiments to Test Computational Properties of Neuronal Networks
11:18

Closed-loop Neuro-robotic Experiments to Test Computational Properties of Neuronal Networks

Published on: March 2, 2015

Efficient coding and the neural representation of value.

Kenway Louie1, Paul W Glimcher

  • 1Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, 10003, USA. klouie@cns.nyu.edu

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
|June 15, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Organisms learn and recall action values for survival. Neural circuits show context-dependent value coding, influenced by choice sets and past experiences, offering a new framework for understanding neural value representation.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Behavioral Economics

Background:

  • Decision-making and valuation are crucial for survival in dynamic environments.
  • Normative theories provide a framework for choice, but neural mechanisms remain under investigation.
  • Understanding how the brain represents value is fundamental to psychology, neuroscience, and economics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review diverse forms of value coding across brain systems.
  • To examine the implications of neural value representations for circuits and behavior.
  • To explore context-dependent value coding and its implications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of experimental findings on neural value coding.
  • Analysis of context dependency in value representation.
  • Application of efficient coding principles from sensory systems.

Main Results:

  • Value is instantiated in neural activity and circuits.
  • Value coding is context-dependent, influenced by choice sets and prior values.
  • Contextual modulation of value coding is widespread across brain areas.

Conclusions:

  • Neural representations of value are dynamic and context-dependent.
  • Efficient coding principles offer a novel framework for understanding neural value coding.
  • This research bridges normative theory with empirical findings in neural computation.