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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Ablation of Ischemic Ventricular Tachycardia Using a Multipolar Catheter and 3-dimensional Mapping System for High-density Electro-anatomical Reconstruction
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Intraoperative characterization of interventricular mechanical dyssynchrony using electroanatomic mapping system--a

Johannes Sperzel1, Roland Brandt, Wenbo Hou

  • 1Kerckhoff Heart Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany. j.sperzel@kerckhoff-klinik.de

Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology : an International Journal of Arrhythmias and Pacing
|June 15, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Interventricular mechanical dyssynchrony (VVMD) can be measured during cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) implantation using the EnSite™ NavX™ system. This method aids in optimizing CRT by assessing VVMD and resynchronization intraoperatively.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Medical Devices
  • Electrophysiology

Background:

  • Interventricular mechanical dyssynchrony (VVMD) strongly predicts response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT).
  • A simple, reliable intraoperative method for measuring VVMD during CRT implantation is lacking.
  • The EnSite™ NavX™ system was investigated for its potential to measure VVMD during CRT procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the hypothesis that the EnSite™ NavX™ system can be used intraoperatively to determine VVMD.
  • To evaluate the feasibility of using the EnSite™ NavX™ system for intraoperative CRT optimization.

Main Methods:

  • The EnSite™ NavX™ system was used to record real-time 3D motion of pacing leads during CRT implantation.
  • Distances between lead electrodes (RA-RV, RA-LV) were computed during right ventricular (RV) and biventricular (BiV) pacing.
  • VVMD was characterized using a cross-covariance method on distance waveforms, with septal-to-posterior wall motion delay (SPWMD) from echocardiography as a reference.

Main Results:

  • VVMD was present in all five patients studied.
  • Four out of five patients showed improved EnSite™ NavX™-derived VVMD during BiV pacing compared to RV pacing.
  • These findings correlated with echocardiography-measured SPWMD.

Conclusions:

  • The EnSite™ NavX™ system is feasible for characterizing VVMD during CRT implantation.
  • This system shows potential as a tool for intraoperative CRT optimization.
  • Real-time assessment of VVMD can facilitate better CRT device placement and programming.