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Related Concept Videos

Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators

Ezocgabine or retigabine, an antiepileptic drug of remarkable efficacy, has revolutionized the management of seizures. It is a potassium channel activator, explicitly targeting the family of Q subtype potassium channels. It enhances the transmembrane potassium currents, regulating neuronal excitability. This action stabilizes the resting membrane potential, a pivotal factor in mitigating the hyperexcitability that characterizes epilepsy.
Ezogabine has gained approval as an adjunctive treatment...
Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists01:14

Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists

Glutamate is a fundamental neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a vital role in neuronal communication and various cognitive processes. Glutamate stands as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its presence is crucial for the communication between neurons, underpinning essential processes such as synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and plasticity. These functions are vital for higher-order cognitive processes, including learning and memory. The...
Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators01:18

Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators

γ-aminobutyric acid or GABA, plays a pivotal role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA pathway potentiators, also known as GABAergic drugs, are a class of pharmaceutical agents designed to enhance the functioning of the GABAergic system. These medications primarily treat epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
The key GABA pathway potentiators used in epilepsy management are as follows.
Benzodiazepines are a well-known class of drugs used for their...
Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein

Antiepileptic drugs, such as levetiracetam (Keppra) and brivaracetam (Briviact), have emerged as crucial tools in managing epilepsy. These medications exert their therapeutic effects by targeting the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A, a transmembrane glycoprotein primarily found in the brain.
SV2A is a transmembrane glycoprotein located predominantly in the brain, modulating the release of neurotransmitters for neuronal communication. Both levetiracetam and brivaracetam exhibit a high affinity for...
Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
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Antiepileptic Drugs: Sodium Channel Blockers01:08

Antiepileptic Drugs: Sodium Channel Blockers

Antiepileptic drugs are specialized medications that prevent seizures in individuals diagnosed with epilepsy. These drugs primarily function by blocking the movement of sodium ions through channels in the neuronal membrane, inhibiting the repetitive firing of action potentials often associated with seizures.
Sodium channel blockers modulate ion channels, particularly voltage-gated sodium channels. They block only sodium ion movement.
Among the most commonly prescribed antiepileptic drugs are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Electrophoretic Delivery of γ-aminobutyric Acid (GABA) into Epileptic Focus Prevents Seizures in Mice
07:01

Electrophoretic Delivery of γ-aminobutyric Acid (GABA) into Epileptic Focus Prevents Seizures in Mice

Published on: May 16, 2019

Losigamone add-on therapy for partial epilepsy.

Yousheng Xiao1, Man Luo, Jin Wang

  • 1Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University,Nanning, China.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|June 15, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Losigamone effectively reduces seizure frequency in partial epilepsy patients but increases treatment withdrawal and adverse events like dizziness. Further high-quality, long-term trials are needed to confirm efficacy and safety.

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Using a Bipolar Electrode to Create a Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Mouse Model by Electrical Kindling of the Amygdala
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Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy
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Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy

Published on: December 6, 2016

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Last Updated: May 21, 2026

Electrophoretic Delivery of γ-aminobutyric Acid (GABA) into Epileptic Focus Prevents Seizures in Mice
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Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy
10:22

Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy

Published on: December 6, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Epilepsy affects 50 million globally, with many requiring polytherapy.
  • Newer antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are explored for add-on therapy in partial epilepsy.
  • Losigamone is investigated as a potential AED for add-on treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of losigamone as an add-on therapy for partial epilepsy.
  • To assess seizure frequency reduction and seizure freedom.
  • To analyze treatment withdrawal and adverse events associated with losigamone.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of randomized controlled add-on trials comparing losigamone with placebo.
  • Searched Cochrane Epilepsy Group, CENTRAL, and MEDLINE databases.
  • Extracted data on seizure reduction, seizure freedom, treatment withdrawal, and adverse events.

Main Results:

  • Two trials (467 patients) assessed losigamone (1200-1500 mg/d) as add-on therapy.
  • Losigamone significantly increased 50% seizure reduction (RR 1.75) but also treatment withdrawal (RR 2.16).
  • Adverse events were more frequent (RR 1.34), with dizziness being significant (RR 3.82).

Conclusions:

  • Losigamone reduces seizure frequency in partial epilepsy but leads to increased treatment withdrawals.
  • Included trials were short-term and of uncertain quality.
  • Well-designed, longer-term randomized controlled trials are necessary to validate findings.