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Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology

Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) refers to a potentially life-threatening rise in pressure inside the skull. This usually happens when there is a major change in the volume of brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — the three components inside the skull. According to the Monro-Kellie doctrine, if the volume of one component increases, the volumes of the other components must decrease to maintain normal pressure. If this does not happen, ICP rises.The process often begins with...

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

Intracranial hypertension is a sustained elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) above 22 mm Hg. In supine adults, normal ICP is ~7–15 mm Hg.The rigid, nonexpandable cranium contains three components—brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—that total ~1,700 mL in a typical adult: 1,400 mL brain (~80%), 150 mL blood (~10%), and 150 mL CSF (~10%). According to the Monro–Kellie doctrine, total intracranial volume is effectively fixed. When one component expands, CSF and venous blood...

Cranial and Spinal Meninges

Cranial and Spinal Meninges

The cranial and spinal meninges are complex protective structures surrounding the central nervous system (CNS), consisting of the brain and spinal cord. These meninges consist of the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater. They protect the CNS, provide structural support, and aid in circulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Cranial Meninges
These meningeal layers cover the cranium. The dura mater is the outermost layer of cranial meninges. It is a thick and durable membrane of dense...

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...

Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology

Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology

Vasogenic edema is a major form of cerebral edema characterized by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain’s extracellular space due to disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a specialized structure composed of endothelial cells connected by tight junctions, supported by astrocytic endfeet and a basement membrane. Under normal conditions, it tightly regulates the movement of ions, proteins, and solutes between the bloodstream and brain parenchyma. When this barrier loses...

Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View

Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View

The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...

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Role of Diffusion MRI Tractography in Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgery

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Published on: July 5, 2021

Intracranial chondroma: a rare entity.

Veena Maheshwari¹, Ghazala Mehdi, Manoranjan Varshney

¹Department of Pathology, JN Medical College, AMU, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India.

BMJ Case Reports

|June 15, 2012

Summary

This case report details an intracranial chondroma, a rare benign tumor. Diagnosis was confirmed via imprint cytology and histopathology in a patient with headache and vision loss.

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Multicolor 3D Printing of Complex Intracranial Tumors in Neurosurgery

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Role of Diffusion MRI Tractography in Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgery

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Multicolor 3D Printing of Complex Intracranial Tumors in Neurosurgery

Multicolor 3D Printing of Complex Intracranial Tumors in Neurosurgery

Published on: January 11, 2020

Area of Science:

Neurosurgery
Pathology
Oncology

Background:

Intracranial chondromas are rare, accounting for less than 1% of primary brain tumors.
These benign cartilaginous neoplasms typically occur in the skull base but can arise elsewhere intracranially.

Observation:

A 40-year-old male presented with a 5-month history of progressive headache and declining vision.
Clinical presentation suggested a space-occupying intracranial lesion.

Findings:

Imprint cytology provided a tentative diagnosis of chondroma.
Histopathological examination definitively confirmed the diagnosis of intracranial chondroma.

Implications:

This case highlights the importance of considering rare tumors in the differential diagnosis of common neurological symptoms.
Accurate cytological and histological evaluation is crucial for diagnosing intracranial chondromas.
Early diagnosis and appropriate management are key for favorable outcomes in patients with intracranial chondromas.