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Development of the Oral Microbiota01:28

Development of the Oral Microbiota

The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...
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In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
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Development of Human Microbiota

The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from the skin...
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Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
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Updated: May 21, 2026

Assessment of the Efficacy of An Osteopathic Treatment in Infants with Biomechanical Impairments to Suckling
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Published on: February 5, 2019

Infants-- encounters and management in general practice.

Janice Charles1, Lisa Valenti, Helena Britt

  • 1Family Medicine Research Centre, University of Sydney, New South Wales.

Australian Family Physician
|June 16, 2012
PubMed
Summary

General practitioners record patient reasons for visits and managed health problems during BEACH consultations. While direct links between reasons for visits and problems are absent, problem management is directly associated, and medication details are captured.

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Area of Science:

  • General Practice
  • Health Informatics
  • Primary Care Data

Background:

  • The Bettering the Evaluation and Care of Health (BEACH) program collects data on general practice encounters.
  • Accurate recording of patient reasons for encounter (RFE) and diagnoses is crucial for understanding primary care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the structure and limitations of recording patient RFE and diagnoses within the BEACH program.
  • To highlight the relationship between recorded problems and their management.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data recorded by general practitioners within the BEACH program.
  • Examination of the recording capabilities for patient RFE, diagnoses/problems managed, and medication details.

Main Results:

  • Up to three patient reasons for encounter (RFE) and four diagnoses/problems managed can be recorded per encounter.
  • No direct link exists between multiple RFEs and multiple problems managed.
  • A direct association is recorded between a problem and its management.
  • Medication recording includes prescribed, supplied, or advised over-the-counter options.

Conclusions:

  • The BEACH system captures key elements of primary care encounters but has limitations in linking multiple patient-reported reasons to multiple diagnoses.
  • The data structure supports analysis of problem management and medication use in general practice.