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Related Concept Videos

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
Humoral Immune Responses01:36

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Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Analysis of HBV-Specific CD4 T-cell Responses and Identification of HLA-DR-Restricted CD4 T-Cell Epitopes Based on a Peptide Matrix
10:37

Analysis of HBV-Specific CD4 T-cell Responses and Identification of HLA-DR-Restricted CD4 T-Cell Epitopes Based on a Peptide Matrix

Published on: October 20, 2021

HBV specific T-cell responses in hepatitis B.

Deepa Rana1, John Menachery, Yogesh Chawla

  • 1Departments of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh - 160012, India.

Tropical Gastroenterology : Official Journal of the Digestive Diseases Foundation
|June 16, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Acute viral hepatitis patients show the strongest T cell response to hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg), aiding viral clearance. Conversely, cirrhosis patients exhibit the weakest T cell response, indicating suppressed immunity in chronic hepatitis B infection.

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Published on: February 28, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Immunology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Cellular immunity dominates acute hepatitis, while chronic hepatitis B (CHB) shows suppressed cellular immunity and heightened antibody responses.
  • Understanding T cell responses is crucial for managing HBV-related liver diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate hepatitis B virus (HBV)-specific T cell proliferative responses in patients with various HBV-related liver conditions.
  • To correlate T cell responses with disease outcomes in acute viral hepatitis (AVH), CHB, and HBV cirrhosis.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed T lymphocyte proliferation to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and HBV core antigen (HBcAg) using MTT assay.
  • Analyzed proliferation index (PI) in 10 AVH, 19 CHB, 10 HBV cirrhotics, 10 inactive carriers, and 10 healthy controls.

Main Results:

  • PHA response was highest in healthy controls and lowest in cirrhotics.
  • T cell response to HBcAg was highest in AVH patients (186.48 +/- 116.37), followed by CHB (137.9 +/- 134.3), inactive carriers (63.2 +/- 41.2), and cirrhotics (55.5 +/- 42.7).

Conclusions:

  • High T cell response to HBcAg in AVH patients likely contributes to viral clearance.
  • Low T cell response in cirrhotic patients suggests immune suppression, correlating with disease severity.