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Related Concept Videos

Mutations01:35

Mutations

Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:38

Nucleotide Excision Repair

DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:08

Nucleotide Excision Repair

Overview
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:08

Nucleotide Excision Repair

Overview
Base Excision Repair01:54

Base Excision Repair

One of the common DNA damages is the chemical alteration of single bases by alkylation, oxidation, or deamination. The altered bases cause mispairing and strand breakage during replication. This type of damage causes minimal change to the DNA double helix structure and can be repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathways. BER corrects damaged DNA sequences by removing the damaged base and restoring the original base sequence using the complementary strand as a template.
The first step of...
Long-patch Base Excision Repair01:02

Long-patch Base Excision Repair

Since the discovery of the two BER pathways, there has been a debate about how a cell chooses one pathway over the other and the factors determining this selection. Numerous in vitro experiments have pointed out multiple determinants for the sub-pathway selection. These are:

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Investigation of Protein Recruitment to DNA Lesions Using 405 Nm Laser Micro-irradiation
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Published on: March 20, 2018

Benzophenone photosensitized DNA damage.

M Consuelo Cuquerella1, Virginie Lhiaubet-Vallet, Jean Cadet

  • 1Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Spain.

Accounts of Chemical Research
|June 16, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Photosensitizers like benzophenone can damage DNA through various mechanisms, increasing skin cancer risk. Understanding these processes is key to developing photoprotection strategies against UV radiation.

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Area of Science:

  • Photochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a known carcinogen, but its interaction with DNA can be amplified by photosensitizers.
  • Photosensitizers, both endogenous and exogenous, extend UV damage to longer wavelengths, increasing skin cancer risk.
  • Understanding photosensitized DNA damage mechanisms is crucial for photoprotection strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms of photosensitized DNA damage using benzophenone (BP) as a model chromophore.
  • To investigate the role of BP and its derivative ketoprofen (KP) in inducing DNA lesions.
  • To explore stereodifferentiation in photochemical events involving chiral photosensitizers.

Main Methods:

  • Detailed mechanistic studies of BP-photosensitized reactions with DNA and its components.
  • Inclusion of ketoprofen (KP) to study stereodifferentiation in excited triplet state dynamics.
  • Analysis of various DNA damage products, including oxidized nucleobases and strand breaks.

Main Results:

  • Benzophenone-sensitized irradiation induces DNA damage, including nucleobase oxidation, cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers, strand breaks, and DNA-protein cross-links.
  • Electron transfer is the predominant oxidative pathway involving guanine, while triplet-triplet energy transfer to thymine leads to pyrimidine dimers.
  • Ketoprofen exhibits stereodifferentiation in its triplet state quenching, suggesting its potential as a chiral probe for DNA energy transport.

Conclusions:

  • Benzophenone effectively photosensitizes various types of DNA damage through distinct photochemical pathways.
  • The photophysical properties of benzophenone dictate its reactivity with DNA components.
  • Chiral photosensitizers like ketoprofen offer insights into stereoselective photochemical processes in DNA.