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Culture of Bladder Cancer Organoids as Precision Medicine Tools
Published on: December 28, 2021
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New optical imaging technologies for bladder cancer: considerations and perspectives
Jen-Jane Liu1, Michael J Droller, Joseph C Liao
1Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
The Journal of Urology
|June 16, 2012
Summary
New optical imaging techniques show promise for improving bladder cancer detection and resection quality. While photodynamic diagnosis has the strongest data, further prospective studies are needed to prove clinical effectiveness.
Area of Science:
- Urology
- Oncology
- Medical Imaging
Background:
- Bladder cancer diagnosis relies heavily on white light cystoscopy, which has limitations in detecting flat lesions, delineating tumors, and differentiating inflammation from malignancy.
- Surgeon experience significantly impacts the accuracy and comprehensiveness of white light cystoscopy for bladder cancer assessment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the added value of advanced optical imaging technologies beyond standard white light cystoscopy for bladder cancer diagnosis and characterization.
- To evaluate the maturity and potential of fluorescence cystoscopy/photodynamic diagnosis, narrow band imaging, confocal laser endomicroscopy, and optical coherence tomography in altering the course of bladder cancer.
Main Methods:
- Conducted comprehensive PubMed searches using terms related to optical imaging technologies and bladder cancer.
- Analyzed diagnostic accuracy reports and prospective studies, focusing on preclinical and clinical evidence for nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer detection and characterization.
- Reviewed technological principles and emerging technologies for enhanced endoscopic imaging.
Main Results:
- Photodynamic diagnosis and narrow band imaging enhance the detection of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer, including carcinoma in situ, and improve resection completeness.
- Current data for photodynamic diagnosis do not conclusively support improved high-risk tumor characterization or correlation with disease progression.
- Confocal laser endomicroscopy and optical coherence tomography show potential for lesion grading and staging, but diagnostic accuracy data are limited.
Conclusions:
- Emerging optical imaging technologies offer potential improvements in bladder cancer detection, characterization, and transurethral resection quality.
- While photodynamic diagnosis has the most robust data, the clinical effectiveness of these advanced imaging modalities requires further validation through prospective studies.
- Future research should focus on prospective evaluation of narrow band imaging, confocal laser endomicroscopy, and optical coherence tomography, alongside cost-effectiveness analyses for different bladder cancer types.
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