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Glass-Based Devices to Generate Drops and Emulsions
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Force driven separation of drops by deterministic lateral displacement.

Timothy Bowman1, Joelle Frechette, German Drazer

  • 1Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.

Lab on a Chip
|June 16, 2012
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Summary

Force-driven deterministic lateral displacement (f-DLD) enables high-throughput microfluidic separations. Macroscopic experiments show f-DLD effectively separates drops of various sizes, with a 20° critical angle difference for distinct size resolution.

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Area of Science:

  • Microfluidics
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Separation Science

Background:

  • Deterministic Lateral Displacement (DLD) is a microfluidic technique for particle and cell separation.
  • Force-driven DLD (f-DLD) offers a high-throughput, continuous separation method.
  • Understanding drop deformation and interaction with obstacle arrays is crucial for optimizing f-DLD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the separation of drops using force-driven deterministic lateral displacement (f-DLD).
  • To explore the influence of drop size and deformation on separation in f-DLD.
  • To validate a simple collision model for predicting drop trajectories and to assess the potential for size-based separation.

Main Methods:

  • Scaled-up macroscopic experiments using a square array of cylindrical obstacles.
  • Observation of drop settling under controlled force and obstacle geometry.
  • Analysis of drop trajectories, migration angles, and critical angles for separation.

Main Results:

  • Drop trajectories consistently followed specific locking directions within the obstacle lattice, irrespective of force orientation.
  • A simple collision model accurately predicted average drop migration angles across a range of sizes and forces.
  • A significant ~20° difference in critical angles was observed between the smallest and largest drops, indicating size-dependent separation.

Conclusions:

  • f-DLD is a viable method for separating drops of varying sizes, even those larger than obstacle gaps.
  • The observed critical angle difference suggests potential for high-resolution, size-based separations using f-DLD.
  • Macroscopic experiments and collision models effectively predict drop behavior in f-DLD systems, validating design principles.