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    Area of Science:

    • Psychoanalytic theory
    • Developmental psychology
    • Psychopathology

    Background:

    • Anxiety in early infancy is primarily experienced as fear of persecution.
    • This fear shapes key defense mechanisms and psychological positions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To summarize conclusions regarding early anxiety, defense mechanisms, and their developmental implications.
    • To explore the link between infantile experiences and later psychological disorders.

    Main Methods:

    • Theoretical analysis of psychoanalytic concepts.
    • Examination of defense mechanisms such as splitting and projection.
    • Exploration of developmental stages including paranoid-schizoid and depressive positions.

    Main Results:

    • Early anxiety contributes to paranoid and schizoid positions through mechanisms like splitting.
    • Splitting involves segmenting the self and projecting parts onto others.
    • Identification by projection impacts object relations in both normal and schizoid individuals.

    Conclusions:

    • Schizoid mechanisms can be reinforced during the depressive position through regression.
    • A strong connection exists between manic-depressive and schizoid disorders.
    • Infantile schizoid and depressive positions interact to influence adult psychopathology.