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Related Concept Videos

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent years,...
Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent years,...
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The circadian—or biological—clock is an intrinsic, timekeeping, molecular mechanism that allows plants to coordinate physiological activities over 24-hour cycles called circadian rhythms. Photoperiodism is a collective term for the biological responses of plants to variations in the relative lengths of dark and light periods. The period of light-exposure is called the photoperiod.

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Circadian clock genes Bmal1 and Clock during early chick development.

Lisa Gonçalves1, Maurícia Vinhas, Rui Pereira

  • 1Regenerative Medicine Program, Departamento de Ciências Biomédicas e Medicina, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal.

Developmental Dynamics : an Official Publication of the American Association of Anatomists
|June 16, 2012
PubMed
Summary

The study identified the presence and location of core circadian clock genes Bmal1 and Clock in early chick embryos. These genes show a "salt and pepper" expression pattern, suggesting a role independent of light-dark cycles during development.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Chronobiology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The circadian clock regulates temporal processes in adult organisms.
  • Temporal control is crucial during embryonic development, yet environmental influences are understudied.
  • Circadian clock gene expression in early avian embryogenesis remains largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the presence and spatial distribution of core circadian clock transcripts Bmal1 and Clock in early chick development.
  • To investigate the expression patterns of these clock genes during the first 50 hours of embryogenesis.
  • To explore potential functions of circadian clock genes independent of external cues in avian embryos.

Main Methods:

  • Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect transcript presence.
  • Whole-mount in situ hybridization (WISH) for spatial localization of transcripts.
  • Histological analysis of cross-sections to confirm transcript distribution.

Main Results:

  • Bmal1 and Clock transcripts were detected from egg laying up to the 22-somite stage.
  • Early expression was observed in the Hensen's node and primitive streak.
  • Later, transcripts were found in the developing nervous system, optic vesicle, notochord, foregut, somites, and heart (Clock).

Conclusions:

  • Bmal1 and Clock are expressed early in chick embryogenesis.
  • A "salt and pepper" expression pattern suggests potential non-entrained oscillatory transcription.
  • These findings indicate a possible light-dark cycle-independent function of circadian clock genes during avian development.