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Related Concept Videos

MAPK Signaling Cascades01:07

MAPK Signaling Cascades

Mitogen-activated protein kinase, or MAPK pathway, activates three sequential kinases to regulate cellular responses such as proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. The canonical MAPK pathway starts with a mitogen or growth factor binding to an RTK. The activated RTKs stimulate Ras, which recruits Raf or MAP3 Kinase (MAPKKK), the first kinase of the MAPK signaling cascade. Raf further phosphorylates and activates MEK or MAP2 Kinases (MAPKK), which in turn phosphorylates MAP...
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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...

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Simple Establishment of a Vascularized Osteogenic Bone Marrow Niche Using Pre-Cast Poly(ethylene Glycol) (PEG) Hydrogels in an Imaging Microplate
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Nanofiber diameter-dependent MAPK activity in osteoblasts.

Devina Jaiswal1, Justin L Brown

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.

Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part A
|June 16, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bone tissue engineering scaffolds were fabricated using electrospun poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) fibers. Wet etching produced nanofibers that differentially modulated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation in osteoblasts.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Fabricating bone tissue engineering scaffolds that mimic the extracellular matrix and promote osteogenesis is a major challenge.
  • Electrospun fibrous scaffolds offer high porosity, interconnectivity, and mechanical strength, making them promising for bone regeneration.
  • Poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) fibers are being investigated for scaffold fabrication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To fabricate tunable electrospun PMMA fibers for bone tissue engineering.
  • To investigate the effect of fiber diameter on osteoblast behavior and signaling pathways.
  • To determine if wet etching can produce nanofibers with controlled diameters for modulating cellular responses.

Main Methods:

  • Electrospinning of PMMA fibers followed by wet etching with a PGMEA/limonene solution.
  • Time-dependent etching to achieve controlled fiber diameters ranging from 2.5 to 0.5 μm.
  • Scanning electron microscopy for morphology evaluation, immunofluorescence for cellular compatibility, and western blot/in-cell western for MAPK activation analysis.

Main Results:

  • Electrospun microfibers were successfully etched to diameters as small as 0.552 ± 0.047 μm without bead formation.
  • Osteoblasts adhered to the etched fibers, demonstrating good cellular compatibility.
  • Fiber diameter significantly modulated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation, specifically extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38, with an inverse effect observed at 0.882 ± 0.091 μm.

Conclusions:

  • Nanofibers produced by wet etching are effective for bone tissue engineering scaffolds.
  • Controlled fiber diameters can differentially modulate MAPK activation patterns in osteoblasts.
  • This approach offers a method to tune cellular responses for enhanced bone regeneration.