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Related Concept Videos

Antiplatelet Drugs: Prostaglandin Synthesis, P2Y12 and Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors01:20

Antiplatelet Drugs: Prostaglandin Synthesis, P2Y12 and Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors

Antiplatelet drugs emerge as frontline defenders against the insidious threat of thromboembolic diseases, where abnormal clots obstruct vital blood vessels. These drugs stand as bulwarks, inhibiting platelet aggregation and clot formation, thereby mitigating the risk of life-threatening conditions like myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, and thrombotic strokes.
Prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors, exemplified by the widely known aspirin, wield their power by irreversibly acetylating...
Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins01:30

Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins

Hemostasis is a crucial process that prevents excessive blood loss from damaged blood vessels. It involves various mechanisms such as vasoconstriction, platelet adhesion and activation, and fibrin formation. The importance of each mechanism depends on the type of vessel injury. In contrast, thrombosis is the abnormal formation of a blood clot within the blood vessels, leading to potential complications if the clot obstructs blood flow. Thrombosis can be caused by increased coagulability of the...
Clot Retraction and Fibrinolysis01:16

Clot Retraction and Fibrinolysis

After a fibrin clot is formed, the next step is clot retraction, a vital process facilitated by platelet contractile proteins, such as actin and myosin. These proteins pull the fibrin strands closer together and condense the clot. This action reduces the size of the clot, creating a smaller, denser structure that effectively seals off the damaged vessel. Clot retraction consolidates the clot and helps with wound healing by bringing the edges of the damaged blood vessel closer together.
Anticoagulant Drugs: Vitamin K Antagonists and Direct Oral Anticoagulants01:18

Anticoagulant Drugs: Vitamin K Antagonists and Direct Oral Anticoagulants

Oral anticoagulants are vital tools in preventing and treating blood clotting disorders. This diverse class of medications can be categorized as vitamin K antagonists, exemplified by warfarin, and direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs), such as dabigatran, as well as factor Xa inhibitors, including rivaroxaban.
Warfarin, a prominent vitamin K antagonist family member, exerts its effect by inhibiting the enzyme VKORC1 (vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1). By hindering this enzyme, warfarin...
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Peripheral Artery Disease III: Interprofessional Care

Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) is characterized by narrowed arteries that diminish blood flow to the extremities. Effective management of PAD requires an interprofessional approach involving various healthcare professionals. The critical aspects of interprofessional care for PAD patients focus on risk factor modification, drug therapy, exercise therapy, nutrition therapy, critical limb ischemia care, and interventional radiology and surgical procedures.The primary treatment goal for PAD...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

In vivo Near Infrared Fluorescence (NIRF) Intravascular Molecular Imaging of Inflammatory Plaque, a Multimodal Approach to Imaging of Atherosclerosis
09:43

In vivo Near Infrared Fluorescence (NIRF) Intravascular Molecular Imaging of Inflammatory Plaque, a Multimodal Approach to Imaging of Atherosclerosis

Published on: August 4, 2011

Clopidogrel, Turkey and a red herring?

S P Leighton1, C Gordon, A Shand

  • 1College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. samleighton87@gmail.com

BMJ Case Reports
|June 16, 2012
PubMed
Summary

This case study highlights acute hepatitis E infection in a traveler returning from Turkey. Initial symptoms mimicked drug-induced liver injury, underscoring diagnostic challenges.

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Travel Medicine

Background:

  • Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is a significant global health concern, particularly in endemic regions.
  • Travelers returning from endemic areas are at risk of acquiring HEV infection.
  • Distinguishing HEV from other causes of acute liver injury, such as drug-induced liver injury (DILI), can be challenging.

Observation:

  • A 61-year-old male presented with symptoms suggestive of acute liver injury.
  • The patient had recently returned from a holiday in Turkey approximately six weeks prior to presentation.
  • Initial clinical assessment and laboratory findings were ambiguous, leading to a preliminary diagnosis of DILI.

Findings:

  • Despite initial misattribution to DILI, further investigations confirmed acute hepatitis E infection.

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In vivo Near Infrared Fluorescence (NIRF) Intravascular Molecular Imaging of Inflammatory Plaque, a Multimodal Approach to Imaging of Atherosclerosis
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  • The patient's travel history to Turkey was a critical factor in reconsidering the diagnosis.
  • This case underscores the importance of considering infectious etiologies in patients with acute liver injury, especially those with relevant travel history.

    • Implications:

    • Accurate and timely diagnosis of hepatitis E is crucial for appropriate patient management and preventing potential complications.
    • Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for hepatitis E in patients presenting with acute liver injury, particularly those with a history of travel to endemic regions.
    • Raising awareness about HEV as a differential diagnosis for acute liver injury in travelers can improve diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomes.