Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Viral Recombination

Viral Recombination

Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.

Cytomegalovirus Disease

Cytomegalovirus Disease

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...

What are Viruses?

What are Viruses?

Influenza

Influenza

Influenza is an acute, highly communicable viral disease that affects the respiratory tract and is responsible for seasonal epidemics worldwide. Influenza A is the most prevalent type associated with widespread outbreaks and is subtyped based on two surface glycoproteins: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N), as in H1N1. These glycoproteins are essential for viral infectivity, transmission, and immune recognition. Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets and contaminated...

Infection

Infection

When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Harnessing oncogenic signaling to enhance oncolytic virotherapy: Lessons from EPAC-encoding vaccinia virus.

Molecular therapy. Oncology·2026

Same author

Oncolytic vaccinia virus encoding constitutively active EPAC remodels the tumor microenvironment to enhance therapeutic efficacy with chemotherapy and surgery.

Journal for immunotherapy of cancer·2026

Same author

Oncolytic Maraba Virus MG1 Mediates Direct and Natural Killer Cell-Dependent Lysis of Ewing Sarcoma.

Cancers·2025

Same author

Oncolytic Maraba virus MG1 mediates direct and natural killer cell-dependent lysis of Ewing sarcoma.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025

Same author

Corrigendum: Enhancing oncolytic virotherapy by extracellular vesicle mediated microRNA reprogramming of the tumour microenvironment.

Frontiers in immunology·2025

Same author

Enhancing oncolytic virotherapy by extracellular vesicle mediated microRNA reprograming of the tumour microenvironment.

Frontiers in immunology·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Protocols for Investigating the Host-tissue Distribution, Transmission-mode, and Effect on the Host Fitness of a Densovirus in the Cotton Bollworm

Protocols for Investigating the Host-tissue Distribution, Transmission-mode, and Effect on the Host Fitness of a Densovirus in the Cotton Bollworm

Published on: April 12, 2017

The virus that came in from the cold.

John C Bell¹

¹Center for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, and Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada. jbell@ohri.ca

Science Translational Medicine

|June 16, 2012

Summary

A common-cold virus employs a stealth mechanism to evade immune responses in cancer patients. This virus specifically targets and colonizes distant metastatic cancer sites.

Area of Science:

Oncology
Virology
Immunology

Background:

Metastatic cancer presents a significant clinical challenge due to its widespread nature.
The host immune system, including neutralizing antibodies, often fails to eliminate established metastatic tumors.
Viruses are being explored as potential therapeutic agents for cancer, but their efficacy can be limited by immune surveillance.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the mechanisms by which a common-cold virus interacts with the immune system in cancer patients.
To determine if this virus preferentially targets metastatic cancer sites.
To understand the virus's strategy for evading antibody-mediated neutralization in the context of cancer.

Main Methods:

Utilized in vitro assays to assess viral infectivity and immune evasion.

More Related Videos

Detection of Infectious Virus from Field-collected Mosquitoes by Vero Cell Culture Assay

Detection of Infectious Virus from Field-collected Mosquitoes by Vero Cell Culture Assay

Published on: June 9, 2011

Advancing High-Resolution Imaging of Virus Assemblies in Liquid and Ice

Advancing High-Resolution Imaging of Virus Assemblies in Liquid and Ice

Published on: July 20, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 21, 2026

Protocols for Investigating the Host-tissue Distribution, Transmission-mode, and Effect on the Host Fitness of a Densovirus in the Cotton Bollworm

Protocols for Investigating the Host-tissue Distribution, Transmission-mode, and Effect on the Host Fitness of a Densovirus in the Cotton Bollworm

Published on: April 12, 2017

Detection of Infectious Virus from Field-collected Mosquitoes by Vero Cell Culture Assay

Detection of Infectious Virus from Field-collected Mosquitoes by Vero Cell Culture Assay

Published on: June 9, 2011

Advancing High-Resolution Imaging of Virus Assemblies in Liquid and Ice

Advancing High-Resolution Imaging of Virus Assemblies in Liquid and Ice

Published on: July 20, 2022

Employed animal models of metastatic cancer to track viral distribution and tumor colonization.

Analyzed patient samples to evaluate antibody responses against the virus.

Main Results:

The common-cold virus demonstrated an "undercover strategy" to avoid detection by neutralizing antibodies.
Significant viral tropism was observed for distant metastatic lesions in cancer models.
Viral replication was confirmed within established metastatic tumor sites.

Conclusions:

Common-cold viruses possess inherent mechanisms for immune evasion that are relevant in cancer patients.
These viruses show a propensity to target and colonize metastatic cancer, suggesting potential for oncolytic virotherapy.
Further research is warranted to explore the therapeutic potential of these viruses in treating metastatic disease.