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Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their access...

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously renew...

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Updated: May 21, 2026

The Production of Pluripotent Stem Cells from Mouse Amniotic Fluid Cells Using a Transposon System

The Production of Pluripotent Stem Cells from Mouse Amniotic Fluid Cells Using a Transposon System

Published on: February 28, 2017

Amniotic fluid and amniotic membrane stem cells: marker discovery.

Maria G Roubelakis¹, Ourania Trohatou, Nicholas P Anagnou

¹Laboratory of Biology, University of Athens School of Medicine, 115 27 Athens, Greece.

Stem Cells International

|June 16, 2012

Summary

Amniotic fluid and amniotic membrane stem cells show promise but require better markers for pure isolation. This review summarizes progress in identifying these crucial stem cell markers.

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Area of Science:

Regenerative Medicine
Stem Cell Biology

Background:

Amniotic fluid (AF) and amniotic membrane (AM) are sources of stem/progenitor cells.
These cells possess characteristics of both adult (mesenchymal) and embryonic stem cells.
Challenges include cellular heterogeneity and lack of specific markers for pure isolation.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advancements in marker discovery for AF and AM-derived stem cells.
To address the need for homogeneous stem cell populations for therapeutic applications.

Main Methods:

Analysis of transcriptomics, proteomics, and secretome data.
Focus on novel methodologies for marker identification.

Main Results:

Summarizes progress in identifying potential stem cell markers from fetal sources.
Highlights the heterogeneity and need for specific markers.

Conclusions:

Marker discovery is crucial for isolating pure stem cell populations from AF and AM.
Advancements in omics technologies are key to overcoming isolation challenges for therapeutic use.