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Related Concept Videos

Teeth01:15

Teeth

The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin and...
Tooth Anatomy01:21

Tooth Anatomy

The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or grinding food.
Anatomical Movements00:51

Anatomical Movements

Anatomical movements refer to the various actions or motions that can be performed by the body's joints and muscles. These movements are described using specific terms to provide a standardized way of discussing and understanding the range of motion at different joints.
Here are some common anatomical movements:
Flexion and extension motions are in the sagittal (anterior–posterior) plane of motion. These movements take place at the shoulder, hip, elbow, knee, wrist, metacarpophalangeal,...
Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification01:29

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification

Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Measuring Maxillary Posterior Tooth Movement: A Model Assessment using Palatal and Dental Superimposition
07:32

Measuring Maxillary Posterior Tooth Movement: A Model Assessment using Palatal and Dental Superimposition

Published on: February 23, 2024

Mandibular rotation during the transitional dentition.

Hiroshi Ueno, Rolf G Behrents, Donald R Oliver

    The Angle Orthodontist
    |June 19, 2012
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Mandibular rotation during early development is primarily influenced by dentoalveolar changes, not vertical condylar growth. Remodeling largely masks true rotation, impacting apparent changes in the mandible.

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    Last Updated: May 21, 2026

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    Published on: April 15, 2021

    Area of Science:

    • Orthodontics
    • Craniofacial Development
    • Cephalometric Analysis

    Background:

    • Understanding mandibular rotation is crucial for diagnosing and treating malocclusions.
    • The transition from primary to mixed dentition involves significant craniofacial changes.
    • Differentiating between true mandibular rotation and compensatory remodeling is key.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the relationship between true mandibular rotation and dentoalveolar/vertical condylar growth.
    • To determine the primary drivers of forward mandibular rotation during a specific developmental stage.

    Main Methods:

    • Lateral cephalograms of 50 subjects (Class I and II) were analyzed at two time points (late primary and early mixed dentition).
    • True mandibular rotation was measured by superimposing mandibles using natural reference structures.
    • Seventeen landmarks and 22 measurements were used to assess dentoalveolar and vertical changes.

    Main Results:

    • The mandible exhibited true rotation (-2.4°), remodeling (1.9°), and apparent rotation (-0.6°).
    • True rotation showed moderate correlation with remodeling (r=0.76) and weak correlation with SNA (r=0.28).
    • True rotation was significantly associated with anterior dentoalveolar changes (U1/S-N, U1/PP) and Id-Me, but not vertical growth.

    Conclusions:

    • True mandibular rotation during the primary to mixed dentition transition is largely obscured by angular remodeling.
    • Anterior dentoalveolar changes are significantly related to true mandibular rotation.
    • Vertical condylar growth does not appear to be a primary factor in true mandibular rotation during this developmental phase.