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Bone anchor systems for orthodontic application: a systematic review.

W K Tsui¹, H D P Chua, L K Cheung

¹Discipline of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.

International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

|June 19, 2012

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Skeletal anchorage devices offer effective orthodontic tooth movement with high success rates and low morbidity. However, evidence is insufficient to definitively rank the effectiveness of miniplates, miniscrews, palatal, or dental implants.

Area of Science:

Orthodontics
Biomaterials Engineering
Dental Implantology

Background:

Skeletal anchorage devices provide absolute anchorage for orthodontic tooth movement.
Various devices including miniplates, miniscrews, palatal implants, and dental implants are used.
Assessing their clinical effectiveness is crucial for optimizing treatment outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review the literature on skeletal anchorage devices.
To evaluate their usefulness and clinical effectiveness in orthodontic tooth movement.
To determine the most effective bone anchor system for orthodontics.

Main Methods:

Systematic literature search of PubMed and Cochrane Library (1966-2010).
Analysis of 55 publications on miniplates, miniscrews, palatal implants, and dental implants.

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Comparison of success rates and clinical effectiveness.

Main Results:

All investigated bone anchorage devices demonstrated high success rates and provided absolute anchorage.
Significant orthodontic tooth movement was achievable with low morbidity and good patient acceptance.
Reported success rates varied: miniplates (91.4-100%), palatal implants (74-93.3%), miniscrews (61-100%), and dental implants (100%).

Conclusions:

Bone anchorage systems are effective for orthodontic movement with low morbidity.
Success rates are generally high but show variability among different device types.
Lack of randomized controlled trials prevents definitive conclusions on the most effective system.