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Related Concept Videos

Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
Translation01:31

Translation

Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Translation01:31

Translation

Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Analysis of Translation Initiation During Stress Conditions by Polysome Profiling
10:59

Analysis of Translation Initiation During Stress Conditions by Polysome Profiling

Published on: May 19, 2014

Linear motifs: lost in (pre)translation.

Robert J Weatheritt1, Toby J Gibson

  • 1Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. robert.weatheritt@embl.de

Trends in Biochemical Sciences
|June 19, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Protein isoforms diversify functions through short linear motifs (SLiMs). Pretranslational modifications like alternative splicing add or remove SLiM-containing exons, creating complex regulatory and signaling pathways.

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Last Updated: May 21, 2026

Analysis of Translation Initiation During Stress Conditions by Polysome Profiling
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Published on: May 19, 2014

De novo Identification of Actively Translated Open Reading Frames with Ribosome Profiling Data
08:23

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Published on: February 18, 2022

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09:13

Quantitative Immunofluorescence to Measure Global Localized Translation

Published on: August 22, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Multiple protein isoforms arise from a single gene via pretranslational modifications.
  • Short linear motifs (SLiMs) are key protein interaction modules found in disordered regions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss novel functions enabled by SLiM-containing exon alterations.
  • To explain how these modifications modulate regulatory and signaling pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing data on alternative splicing and promoter usage.
  • Analysis of the role of SLiMs in protein isoform diversification.

Main Results:

  • SLiM inclusion/exclusion alters subcellular localization, interaction affinity, and protein function.
  • These modifications can lead to isoforms with opposing functions.

Conclusions:

  • Pretranslational modifications, particularly alternative splicing, generate functional diversity through SLiMs.
  • These mechanisms are crucial for creating and modulating complex cellular pathways.