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Related Concept Videos

Autophagy01:27

Autophagy

Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
An autophagic pathway consists of a series of signaling events activated in response to diverse stress and physiological conditions such as food deprivation,...
Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and pro-apoptotic...
Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles01:32

Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles

Vesicle budding is orchestrated by distinct cytosolic proteins such as adaptor proteins, coat proteins, and GTPases. To initiate vesicle budding, membrane-bending proteins containing crescent-shaped BAR domains bind to the lipid heads in the bilayer and distort the membrane to form a protein-coated vesicle bud. Adaptors proteins such as AP2 for clathrin-coated vesicles can nucleate on the deformed membrane. Finally, coat proteins such as clathrin or COPI and COPII assemble into a coat forming...
Yeast Signaling01:28

Yeast Signaling

Yeasts are single-celled organisms, but unlike bacteria, they are eukaryotes (cells with a nucleus). Cell signaling in yeast is similar to signaling in other eukaryotic cells. A ligand, such as a protein or a small molecule released from a yeast cell, attaches to a receptor on the cell surface. The binding stimulates second-messenger kinases to activate or inactivate transcription factors that further regulate gene expression. Many of the yeast intracellular signaling cascades have similar...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Manipulation and Analysis of Cell Cycle-Dependent Processes in Budding Yeast
08:13

Manipulation and Analysis of Cell Cycle-Dependent Processes in Budding Yeast

Published on: September 26, 2025

Selective autophagy in budding yeast.

Kuninori Suzuki1

  • 1Bioimaging Center, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, FSB-101, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan. kuninori@k.u-tokyo.ac.jp

Cell Death and Differentiation
|June 19, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Selective autophagy allows cells to degrade specific components via autophagosomes, crucial for survival during starvation. This review details mechanisms and roles of highly selective and less selective autophagy pathways.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Autophagy is a conserved eukaryotic process for bulk cytoplasmic degradation.
  • It recycles cellular components during starvation to maintain essential amino acids.
  • Recent findings reveal selective cargo recognition in autophagy, challenging the nonselective model.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms of selective autophagy.
  • To discuss the physiological roles of selective autophagy pathways.
  • To differentiate between Atg11-dependent and Atg11-independent selective autophagy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on selective autophagy.
  • Analysis of mechanisms for cargo recognition and engulfment.

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High-resolution Imaging and Analysis of Individual Astral Microtubule Dynamics in Budding Yeast
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High-resolution Imaging and Analysis of Individual Astral Microtubule Dynamics in Budding Yeast

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Last Updated: May 21, 2026

Manipulation and Analysis of Cell Cycle-Dependent Processes in Budding Yeast
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Applications of pHluorin for Quantitative, Kinetic and High-throughput Analysis of Endocytosis in Budding Yeast

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  • Examination of physiological contexts for selective autophagy.
  • Main Results:

    • Two main categories of selective autophagy exist: highly selective (Atg11-dependent) and less selective (Atg11-independent).
    • Examples of highly selective autophagy include Cvt pathway, mitophagy, pexophagy, and piecemeal microautophagy of the nucleus.
    • Examples of less selective autophagy include acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 6 degradation and ribophagy.

    Conclusions:

    • Selective autophagy plays critical roles in cellular homeostasis and stress response.
    • Understanding these pathways is key to comprehending cellular survival strategies.
    • Further research into selective autophagy mechanisms and functions is warranted.