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Related Concept Videos

Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes01:33

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the daughter...
Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
Bone Cells and Tissue01:30

Bone Cells and Tissue

Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to its function. Four types of cells are found within the bone tissue— osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts.
Osteoblasts and Osteocytes
The osteoblast is the bone cell responsible for forming new bone tissue. It is found in the growing portions of bone, including the periosteum and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Models of Bone Metastasis
08:49

Models of Bone Metastasis

Published on: September 4, 2012

Genes associate with abnormal bone cell activity in bone metastasis.

G David Roodman1

  • 1Hematology Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 West Walnut Street, Room C312, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. groodman@iupui.edu

Cancer Metastasis Reviews
|June 19, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bone metastasis is common in multiple myeloma, prostate, and breast cancers, causing significant pain and fractures. This review covers genes involved in bone destruction and tumor growth, exploring targeted therapies.

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Last Updated: May 21, 2026

Models of Bone Metastasis
08:49

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Published on: September 4, 2012

Intra-iliac Artery Injection for Efficient and Selective Modeling of Microscopic Bone Metastasis
07:00

Intra-iliac Artery Injection for Efficient and Selective Modeling of Microscopic Bone Metastasis

Published on: September 26, 2016

Osteoclast Derivation from Mouse Bone Marrow
06:17

Osteoclast Derivation from Mouse Bone Marrow

Published on: November 6, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Orthopedics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Bone is a common site for metastasis in malignancies like multiple myeloma, prostate, and breast cancers.
  • Bone metastases lead to severe morbidity, including pain, fractures, and increased mortality.
  • Tumor cells and the bone marrow microenvironment produce factors influencing bone resorption and formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review genes critical for bone destruction and tumor growth in bone metastasis.
  • To discuss potential therapies targeting these genes to inhibit bone resorption and tumor progression.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of genes and molecular mechanisms in bone metastasis.
  • Analysis of factors involved in osteoclastic and osteoblastic activity.
  • Discussion of therapeutic strategies targeting gene products.

Main Results:

  • Identified key genes driving bone destruction and tumor proliferation in bone metastases.
  • Highlighted the complex interplay between tumor cells and the bone microenvironment.
  • Outlined potential therapeutic targets for blocking bone metastasis progression.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the genetic basis of bone metastasis is crucial for developing effective treatments.
  • Targeting specific genes offers a promising strategy to simultaneously address bone destruction and tumor growth.
  • Further research into these genetic pathways can lead to novel therapeutic interventions for cancer patients.