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Esophageal varices are dilated, tortuous veins which are found mainly in the submucosa of the lower esophagus but which may also appear higher up or extend into the stomach. They develop due to increased pressure in the portal venous system, often as a result of liver cirrhosis. This condition scars and damages the liver, impeding normal blood flow through the portal vein. To compensate, blood seeks alternative pathways, forming fragile new vessels (varices) in the esophagus and stomach. These...

Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction

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Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) involves breaks in the gastrointestinal tract's mucosal lining, primarily in the stomach and duodenum, with less frequent occurrences in the lower esophagus or near the pylorus.Ulcers can be acute or chronic. Acute ulcers are short-lived with minimal inflammation and heal quickly after the irritant is removed. Chronic ulcers persist, may recur, and often cause scarring due to ongoing tissue damage. Superficial erosions affect only the mucosal layer and are called...

Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction

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Peptic Ulcer

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Underwater Endoscopic Injection Sclerotherapy for Gastroesophageal Varices

Underwater Endoscopic Injection Sclerotherapy for Gastroesophageal Varices

Published on: August 1, 2025

A hidden cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

S Ali¹, J Addley, S Johnston

¹Department of Gastroenterology, Whiteabbey Hospital, Belfast, UK.

BMJ Case Reports

|June 19, 2012

Summary

Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) are rare mesenchymal tumors. This report details a coincidental GIST finding in an asymptomatic patient and their subsequent management.

Area of Science:

Gastroenterology
Oncology
Pathology

Background:

Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) are rare mesenchymal neoplasms, representing 1-3% of all gastrointestinal malignancies.
Historically classified based on histology, GISTs are now recognized as a distinct entity using immunohistochemistry.
While most GISTs are sporadic, hereditary forms have been documented.

Observation:

This case highlights a coincidental discovery of a GIST in an individual presenting with no symptoms.
The patient was asymptomatic, underscoring the potential for incidental findings during routine examinations.

Findings:

Immunohistochemical staining and ultrastructural evaluation confirm GIST as a unique mesenchymal tumor type.
The distinct classification of GISTs aids in differentiating them from other gastrointestinal tumors.

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Published on: September 22, 2023

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Last Updated: May 21, 2026

Underwater Endoscopic Injection Sclerotherapy for Gastroesophageal Varices

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Published on: August 1, 2025

Gastric Point of Care Ultrasound in Adults: Image Acquisition and Interpretation

Gastric Point of Care Ultrasound in Adults: Image Acquisition and Interpretation

Published on: September 22, 2023

Implications:

This case emphasizes the importance of recognizing GISTs, even in asymptomatic patients.
Effective management strategies are crucial for patients diagnosed with GISTs, regardless of presentation.