Septic arthritis presenting as brachial plexus neurophaty

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Infectious Diseases
• Neonatal Neurology
• Musculoskeletal Infections

Background:

• Neonatal bone and joint infections are uncommon but can lead to significant morbidity.
• Pseudo paralysis is a common presentation, often masking underlying pathology.
• Concomitant neuropathy in neonatal osteoarticular infections is a rare and poorly understood complication.

Observation:

• A 7-week-old premature infant with Staphylococcus aureus neonatal sepsis presented with a paretic right upper limb.
• Clinical suspicion for osteoarticular infection complicated by brachial plexus neuropathy was raised.
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and electromyography (EMG) were utilized for diagnostic confirmation.

Findings:

• The infant was diagnosed with osteoarticular infection and brachial plexus neuropathy.
• The condition was attributed to Staphylococcus aureus neonatal sepsis.
• Diagnostic imaging and electrophysiological studies confirmed the dual diagnosis.

Implications:

• This case underscores the importance of considering neuropathy in neonatal sepsis with limb dysfunction.
• Early diagnosis and prompt treatment, including antibiotics and functional rehabilitation, are crucial for favorable outcomes.
• Further research is warranted to better understand the pathophysiology and management of this rare complication.