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Related Concept Videos

Dosage Regimens: Designs and Approaches01:28

Dosage Regimens: Designs and Approaches

Designing a dosage regimen, which refers to the manner of drug administration, is a complex process involving the selection of drug dose, route, and frequency. This process is underpinned by pharmacokinetic parameters derived from tests and population averages. These parameters are then tailored to patient-specific variables such as diagnosis, demographics, and allergy status. Once therapy commences, therapeutic response monitoring is critical and achieved through clinical and physical...
Pharmacovigilance01:19

Pharmacovigilance

Post-marketing surveillance is a critical component of pharmaceutical regulation, often uncovering unanticipated adverse drug reactions (ADRs) once a drug is widely used over an extended period.
This process, termed pharmacovigilance, aims to detect, evaluate, and minimize harmful effects related to medication use. The data collection for pharmacovigilance depends on spontaneous reporting systems, where healthcare professionals or patients voluntarily report suspected ADRs.
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Drug Administration and Therapy Phases: Overview01:26

Drug Administration and Therapy Phases: Overview

Drugs, the chemical agents used in diagnosing, treating, or preventing diseases, undergo a four-phase process of development: pharmaceutic, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and therapeutic.
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Prescription, Nonprescription and Orphan Drugs01:02

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Pharmaceutical Equivalents01:26

Pharmaceutical Equivalents

As defined by regulatory standards, pharmaceutical equivalents require generic drug products to have identical dosage forms and chemically identical active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). They must adhere to compendial or applicable standards for potency, content uniformity, disintegration times, and dissolution rates. In the case of modified-release dosage forms, variations in drug content are permissible as long as the delivered amount remains consistent with the innovator drug product.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Quadruple-Checkerboard: A Modification of the Three-Dimensional Checkerboard for Studying Drug Combinations
11:15

Quadruple-Checkerboard: A Modification of the Three-Dimensional Checkerboard for Studying Drug Combinations

Published on: July 24, 2021

Pharmaceutical Consultation in UAE Community Pharmacies.

N M Hamoudi1, A A Shirwaikar, H S Ali

  • 1College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, P.O. Box 4184, Ajman, UAE.

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
|June 19, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Pharmacists in the UAE are shifting to patient counseling, but administrative duties limit their involvement. Enhancing pharmacist training and roles can improve medication use and patient quality of life.

Keywords:
Attitudes and behaviorscommunity pharmacistspatient counselingpatient information leafletspersonal consultation

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 21, 2026

Quadruple-Checkerboard: A Modification of the Three-Dimensional Checkerboard for Studying Drug Combinations
11:15

Quadruple-Checkerboard: A Modification of the Three-Dimensional Checkerboard for Studying Drug Combinations

Published on: July 24, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Public Health
  • Health Services Research

Background:

  • The role of pharmacists is evolving from drug dispensers to active participants in medication management.
  • In the United Arab Emirates (UAE), pharmacists face administrative burdens, often leaving dispensing to technicians.
  • Current pharmacist-led patient counseling in the UAE primarily focuses on dosage and frequency, with limited discussion on adverse reactions or drug interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantitatively explore the current role of pharmacists in patient counseling within the UAE.
  • To evaluate pharmacists' opinions on patient counseling and identify factors influencing personal consultations.
  • To understand the nature and frequency of patient and doctor inquiries directed at pharmacists.

Main Methods:

  • A quantitative questionnaire-based study was conducted.
  • The study surveyed pharmacists in the UAE regarding their patient counseling practices and opinions.
  • Data collected included inquiry types, perceived importance of counseling, training needs, and factors influencing patient consultations.

Main Results:

  • Pharmacists receive 5-20 patient inquiries monthly, mainly on prescriptions and dose recommendations; 39% receive doctor inquiries on dose and action.
  • 92% of pharmacists view patient counseling as a professional responsibility, with 82% believing it boosts sales and pharmacy reputation.
  • 70% desire further training for effective counseling, and 46% feel more staff would improve patient compliance and safety. Patient trust and perception of pharmacists as friends were significant factors in consultations.

Conclusions:

  • Reorganizing pharmacist activities can enhance pharmaceutical consultations in the UAE.
  • Continuous education on drug therapy, dosage forms, adverse effects, and interactions is crucial for pharmacists.
  • Improved pharmacist engagement in counseling can lead to rational drug use and better patient quality of life.