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Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation01:30

Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation

Heart failure can be classified in various ways, with the most common classifications based on physical activity limitations, disease progression, severity, and treatment strategies.The Functional Classification of Heart Failure divides patients into four categories based on physical activity limitation due to symptom burden.Class I: Patients in this class have cardiac disease but no physical activity limitations. Ordinary activities like walking, climbing stairs, or routine tasks do not cause...
Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations01:26

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations

Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
Heart Failure I: Introduction01:27

Heart Failure I: Introduction

Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies01:22

Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies

Additional therapies for treating patients with heart failure (HF) may include procedural interventions, supplemental oxygen, the management of sleep disorders, and nutritional therapy.Procedural InterventionsImplantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator: For patients at risk of life-threatening arrhythmias due to severe left ventricular dysfunction, an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD) can detect and terminate these arrhythmias, preventing sudden cardiac death and improving survival rates.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Implantation of Total Artificial Heart in Congenital Heart Disease
07:27

Implantation of Total Artificial Heart in Congenital Heart Disease

Published on: July 18, 2014

[End-stage heart failure].

Shunei Kyo1

  • 1Department of Therapeutic Strategy for Heart Failure, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.

Nihon Geka Gakkai Zasshi
|June 20, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Patients awaiting heart transplants in Japan often use ventricular assist devices (VADs) for bridge to transplantation therapy. Long waiting times have led to excellent VAD clinical outcomes, improving survival rates for end-stage heart failure.

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Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
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Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Published on: February 13, 2021

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Last Updated: May 21, 2026

Implantation of Total Artificial Heart in Congenital Heart Disease
07:27

Implantation of Total Artificial Heart in Congenital Heart Disease

Published on: July 18, 2014

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
09:20

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Published on: February 13, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Transplantation Medicine
  • Medical Devices

Background:

  • Cardiac transplantation is the definitive treatment for end-stage heart failure.
  • Donor heart scarcity in Japan leads to prolonged waiting times for transplantation, exceeding 900 days post-2010 law revision.
  • Approximately 90% of candidates require bridge to transplantation therapy (BTT) using ventricular assist devices (VADs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the clinical outcomes of VAD support as bridge to transplantation therapy in Japan.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of both paracorporeal and implantable VADs in managing patients with end-stage heart failure awaiting transplants.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of clinical outcomes for 303 patients who received the Nipro VAD (paracorporeal) for left ventricular drainage as BTT.
  • Review of 6-year survival data for 36 patients in clinical trials of four types of implantable rotary blood pump LVADs.
  • Data sourced from the Japanese Transplant Registry and clinical trial data from Japanese heart centers.

Main Results:

  • The Nipro VAD demonstrated effective support, with the longest duration at 1,673 days (average 427 days), leading to transplantation in 24% and ongoing support in 22% of patients.
  • Implantable LVADs showed a 6-year survival rate of approximately 70% in clinical trials.
  • Limited use of implantable LVADs (36 patients) reflects an initial learning curve, with expectations of improved outcomes as usage becomes more widespread.

Conclusions:

  • Ventricular assist device therapy shows excellent clinical results in Japan, even with prolonged support durations due to long heart transplant waiting lists.
  • Both paracorporeal and implantable VADs are effective BTT options for end-stage heart failure patients in Japan.
  • Wider adoption and experience with implantable LVADs are expected to further enhance patient outcomes.