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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

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Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
DNA has a double-helix structure. The...

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A Reporter Assay to Analyze Intronic microRNA Maturation in Mammalian Cells
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Functional interplay between RNA-binding protein HuR and microRNAs.

Subramanya Srikantan1, Kumiko Tominaga, Myriam Gorospe

  • 1Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.

Current Protein & Peptide Science
|June 20, 2012
PubMed
Summary

The RNA-binding protein HuR interacts with microRNAs to control gene expression. These interactions can either enhance or repress the expression of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs), influencing cellular processes.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Post-transcriptional Regulation
  • Gene Expression Control

Background:

  • The RNA-binding protein HuR (Human antigen R) binds to numerous messenger RNAs (mRNAs) involved in critical cellular functions.
  • HuR's known roles include stabilizing mRNAs and modulating translation, but the precise mechanisms were unclear.
  • Recent findings highlight the crucial interplay between HuR and microRNAs in determining mRNA fate.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the complex interactions between HuR and microRNAs.
  • To elucidate how these interactions govern the expression of shared target mRNAs.
  • To discuss the reciprocal regulation between HuR and microRNAs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent evidence on HuR-microRNA interactions.
  • Analysis of competitive and cooperative binding mechanisms.
  • Discussion of transcriptome-wide data and emerging regulatory pathways.

Main Results:

  • HuR and microRNA interactions can be competitive or cooperative, leading to differential gene expression outcomes.
  • Competition typically enhances gene expression if HuR binding dominates, or represses it if microRNA binding prevails.
  • Cooperation between HuR and microRNAs generally results in decreased expression of shared target mRNAs.

Conclusions:

  • MicroRNAs significantly influence HuR's post-transcriptional regulation of target mRNAs.
  • The interplay between HuR and microRNAs provides versatility and robustness to gene expression.
  • Understanding these interactions is key to comprehending cellular regulation and disease processes.