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Cortical circuit dysfunction and cognitive deficits in schizophrenia--implications for preemptive interventions.

David A Lewis¹

¹Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O'Hara Street, Biomedical Science Tower W1654, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. lewisda@upmc.edu

The European Journal of Neuroscience

|June 20, 2012

Summary

Cognitive impairments are central to schizophrenia, stemming from childhood cortical circuit abnormalities. This suggests potential for early interventions to modify the disease course.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Psychiatry
Developmental Psychology

Background:

Schizophrenia is a prevalent, chronic, and costly disorder with significant co-morbidities.
Current treatments do not prevent or modify the illness's progression.
There is a critical need for early, disease-modifying interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

To review evidence supporting cognitive impairments as a core feature of schizophrenia.
To explore the neurobiological underpinnings of these cognitive deficits in cortical circuits.
To examine the developmental origins of these abnormalities during childhood and adolescence.

Main Methods:

Literature review of studies on schizophrenia, cognitive function, and neurodevelopment.
Analysis of evidence linking cognitive impairments to specific cortical circuit dysfunctions.
Examination of research on the developmental trajectory of schizophrenia.

Main Results:

Cognitive process impairments are identified as the primary characteristic of schizophrenia.
These deficits are associated with abnormalities in specific cortical neural circuits.
Evidence suggests these circuit abnormalities originate during the childhood-adolescent period.

Conclusions:

Understanding the developmental origins of schizophrenia's core cognitive deficits is crucial.
This knowledge can inform the development of preemptive, disease-modifying interventions.
Targeting individuals at high risk may offer a pathway to prevent or alter the course of schizophrenia.