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Related Concept Videos

Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this information.
False Memories01:18

False Memories

False memories represent a cognitive distortion in which individuals recall events that did not happen, or remember them in an altered form. This phenomenon highlights the brain's constructive nature in processing and recalling memories, emphasizing that memory is not a perfect representation of past events but rather a dynamic reconstruction influenced by various factors.
One primary source of false memories is misattribution, where individuals incorrectly associate external information with...
Role of Hippocampus in Memory01:19

Role of Hippocampus in Memory

The hippocampus, a critical brain structure, plays an essential role in memory processing, particularly in the formation and retrieval of memory. This small, seahorse-shaped region is located within the medial temporal lobe, with one hippocampus in each brain hemisphere. Experimental studies involving lesions in the hippocampi of rats have demonstrated significant impairments in tasks such as object recognition and maze navigation, indicating the hippocampus involvement in both recognition and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

The Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory
07:26

The Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory

Published on: January 31, 2017

Working memory encoding and false memory in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in a spatial delayed response task.

Jutta S Mayer1, Sohee Park1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University.

Journal of Abnormal Psychology
|June 20, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Working memory deficits in schizophrenia stem from inefficient encoding, leading to increased false memories. This contrasts with bipolar disorder, where working memory impairments have different underlying mechanisms.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Working memory (WM) impairment is a key feature of schizophrenia.
  • The specific components of WM contributing to these deficits remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of inefficient encoding in reduced WM performance in patients with schizophrenia (PSZ).
  • To differentiate WM mechanisms between PSZ, patients with bipolar disorder (PBP), relatives (REL), and healthy controls (HC).

Main Methods:

  • A spatial delayed response task with varying WM and attentional demands (distractors) was used.
  • Participants included PSZ, PBP, REL, and HC, who also provided confidence ratings for their responses.
  • Analysis focused on different types of WM errors, particularly false memories.

Main Results:

  • PSZ exhibited severe WM impairment, primarily driven by increased high-confidence false memory errors.
  • PBP showed WM impairments but not increased false memories, while REL also had increased false memories.
  • Attentional selection, tested via distractors, was intact across all groups.

Conclusions:

  • Inefficient WM encoding significantly contributes to impaired WM in schizophrenia.
  • WM deficits in PSZ and PBP appear to involve distinct underlying neurobiological mechanisms.