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Related Concept Videos

Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer is an enzyme that can...
The Nucleosome Core Particle01:12

The Nucleosome Core Particle

Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their primary aim is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. On the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access histone-bound DNA during...
The Nucleosome Core Particle02:10

The Nucleosome Core Particle

Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
The paradox
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their main responsibility is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. While on the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access DNA...
Heterochromatin02:38

Heterochromatin

The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at 9th...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Complete Workflow for Analysis of Histone Post-translational Modifications Using Bottom-up Mass Spectrometry: From Histone Extraction to Data Analysis
11:02

Complete Workflow for Analysis of Histone Post-translational Modifications Using Bottom-up Mass Spectrometry: From Histone Extraction to Data Analysis

Published on: May 17, 2016

Histone modification profiles characterize function-specific gene regulation.

Inkyung Jung1, Dongsup Kim

  • 1Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea. snowdrop83@gmail.com

Journal of Theoretical Biology
|June 20, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Histone modifications have unique properties based on gene function, impacting gene expression prediction. Function-specific profiles improve accuracy across cell types, revealing distinct regulatory mechanisms.

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Global Level Quantification of Histone Post-Translational Modifications in a 3D Cell Culture Model of Hepatic Tissue
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Last Updated: May 21, 2026

Complete Workflow for Analysis of Histone Post-translational Modifications Using Bottom-up Mass Spectrometry: From Histone Extraction to Data Analysis
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Histone Modification Screening using Liquid Chromatography, Trapped Ion Mobility Spectrometry, and Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry
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Global Level Quantification of Histone Post-Translational Modifications in a 3D Cell Culture Model of Hepatic Tissue
08:12

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Chromatin modification plays a crucial role in gene regulation.
  • Understanding function-specific histone modification properties is essential for accurate gene expression prediction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if histone modifications exhibit unique properties based on the function of their associated genes.
  • To determine the importance of function-specific histone modification profiles for predicting gene expression levels.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of function-specific histone modification profiles.
  • Correlation of modification profiles with gene expression levels and PolII occupancy.
  • Validation across different cell types.

Main Results:

  • Function-specific histone modification profiles are critical for accurate gene expression prediction.
  • These profiles are maintained across various cell types.
  • Improved prediction of PolII occupancies using function-specific modification data.

Conclusions:

  • Each histone modification possesses distinct characteristics dependent on gene function.
  • Combinations of histone modification profiles define function-specific gene regulation.
  • The findings suggest function-specific transcription factor and chromatin regulator binding underlie these mechanisms.