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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Adult Mouse Digit Amputation and Regeneration: A Simple Model to Investigate Mammalian Blastema Formation and Intramembranous Ossification

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Evolution of robustness to damage in artificial 3-dimensional development.

Michał Joachimczak¹, Borys Wróbel

¹Systems Modelling Laboratory, IOPAS in Sopot, Poland. mjoach@iopan.gda.pl

|June 20, 2012

Summary

This study used the GReaNs Artificial Life platform to evolve multicellular development and artificial gene regulatory networks. Including environmental noise during evolution enhanced robustness to damage and noise in developed structures.

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Area of Science:

Artificial Life
Evolutionary Biology
Computational Biology

Background:

Investigating the evolution of multicellular development and gene regulatory networks is crucial for understanding life's complexity.
Artificial Life (ALife) platforms provide a controlled environment to study evolutionary principles.
Gene regulatory networks (GRNs) control gene expression and are fundamental to development.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the evolution of multicellular development and artificial gene regulatory networks using the GReaNs platform.
To investigate the emergence of robustness to environmental noise and developmental damage.
To understand the relationship between noise robustness and damage robustness in evolved systems.

Main Methods:

Utilized the GReaNs Artificial Life platform simulating 3D embryos with simple physics.
Employed linear genomes encoding developmental trajectories and unlimited GRN topology.
Introduced continuous gene expression with environmental noise and evolved specific structures (ellipsoid, French flag pattern).

Main Results:

Evolved structures demonstrated robustness to both damage and environmental noise.
A correlation was found between robustness to damage and robustness to noise.
Including noise during evolution led to increased robustness against damage.

Conclusions:

Environmental noise can be a driving factor in the evolution of robust developmental systems.
Evolved gene regulatory networks can exhibit a dependency on noise for functional behavior.
The GReaNs platform facilitates the study of complex evolutionary dynamics in silico.