Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Role of Matrix Metalloproteases in Degradation of ECM

Role of Matrix Metalloproteases in Degradation of ECM

Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) are enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of proteins and glycoproteins of the extracellular matrix. MMPs are essential for the migration and proliferation of cells through the dense matrix network, throughout embryonic development, and throughout morphogenesis. The first MMP activity discovered was a collagenase in a tadpole's tail undergoing metamorphosis. The active collagen deposition and modifications lead to the morphogenesis of tadpoles into the adult body.
A...

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors are of three kinds RI, RII, and RIII. The RI...

Master Transcription Regulators

Master Transcription Regulators

Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits. Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase and factor...

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as SH2...

Regulated mRNA Transport

Regulated mRNA Transport

In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing specific...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Mechanochemical coupling of cell shape and organ function optimizes heart size and contractile efficiency in zebrafish.

Developmental cell·2025

Same author

Structures of TGF-β with betaglycan and signaling receptors reveal mechanisms of complex assembly and signaling.

Nature communications·2025

Same author

Initiation and maintenance of the pluripotent epiblast in pre-implantation human development is independent of NODAL signaling.

Developmental cell·2024

Same author

Structures of TGF-β with betaglycan and the signaling receptors reveal the mechanism whereby betaglycan potentiates receptor complex assembly and signaling.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2024

Same author

An improved Erk biosensor detects oscillatory Erk dynamics driven by mitotic erasure during early development.

Developmental cell·2023

Same author

Context-dependent TGFβ family signalling in cell fate regulation.

Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology·2023

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Analysis of Transforming Growth Factor ß Family Cleavage Products Secreted Into the Blastocoele of Xenopus laevis Embryos

Analysis of Transforming Growth Factor ß Family Cleavage Products Secreted Into the Blastocoele of Xenopus laevis Embryos

Published on: July 21, 2021

Spatial regulation of BMP activity.

Marie-Christine Ramel¹, Caroline S Hill

¹Laboratory of Developmental Signalling, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, United Kingdom.

|June 20, 2012

Summary

Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling is vital for development and health. This review explores how spatial regulation of BMP activity, crucial for development, is achieved and its consequences.

Area of Science:

Developmental Biology
Molecular Biology
Cell Signaling

Background:

Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling is essential for embryonic development and maintaining tissue homeostasis.
Dysregulation of BMP signaling is linked to various diseases.
In vivo molecular tools have advanced the understanding of BMP activity regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

To discuss the mechanisms underlying spatial regulation of BMP activity.
To explore the functional consequences of spatial BMP activity regulation.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on BMP signaling pathways.
Analysis of molecular mechanisms controlling BMP activity gradients.
Discussion of experimental tools used to visualize BMP activity in vivo.

More Related Videos

Visualization and Quantification of TGFβ/BMP/SMAD Signaling under Different Fluid Shear Stress Conditions using Proximity-Ligation-Assay

Visualization and Quantification of TGFβ/BMP/SMAD Signaling under Different Fluid Shear Stress Conditions using Proximity-Ligation-Assay

Published on: September 14, 2021

Covalent Binding of BMP-2 on Surfaces Using a Self-assembled Monolayer Approach

Covalent Binding of BMP-2 on Surfaces Using a Self-assembled Monolayer Approach

Published on: August 26, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 21, 2026

Analysis of Transforming Growth Factor ß Family Cleavage Products Secreted Into the Blastocoele of Xenopus laevis Embryos

Analysis of Transforming Growth Factor ß Family Cleavage Products Secreted Into the Blastocoele of Xenopus laevis Embryos

Published on: July 21, 2021

Visualization and Quantification of TGFβ/BMP/SMAD Signaling under Different Fluid Shear Stress Conditions using Proximity-Ligation-Assay

Visualization and Quantification of TGFβ/BMP/SMAD Signaling under Different Fluid Shear Stress Conditions using Proximity-Ligation-Assay

Published on: September 14, 2021

Covalent Binding of BMP-2 on Surfaces Using a Self-assembled Monolayer Approach

Covalent Binding of BMP-2 on Surfaces Using a Self-assembled Monolayer Approach

Published on: August 26, 2013

Main Results:

Spatial regulation of BMP activity arises from complex interactions between core signaling components and specific regulators.
BMP activity gradients are critical for interpreting developmental cues.
Understanding these mechanisms is key to understanding developmental processes.

Conclusions:

Spatial control of BMP signaling is a fundamental aspect of development and tissue homeostasis.
Further research into BMP spatial regulation can provide insights into disease mechanisms.
Elucidating these intricate mechanisms is crucial for understanding biological development.