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Ookluc: A Plasmodium berghei Line for Identifying Transmission-blocking Compounds

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Zoonotic malaria: Plasmodium knowlesi, an emerging pathogen.

Janet Cox-Singh¹

¹Infection and Immunity Research Centre, Division of Clinical Sciences, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, UK. coxsingh@gmail.com

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases

|June 20, 2012

Summary

Plasmodium knowlesi malaria, a zoonotic disease from macaques, is a growing threat in Southeast Asia. Accurate diagnosis and monitoring are crucial for travelers and locals to prevent severe illness and manage this emerging Plasmodium knowlesi risk.

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Area of Science:

* Emerging infectious diseases
* Zoonotic parasite transmission
* Malaria epidemiology

Background:

* Plasmodium knowlesi, a macaque parasite, is increasingly infecting humans across Southeast Asia.
* Risk is high for individuals entering P. knowlesi transmission zones.
* Infections range from asymptomatic to fatal, necessitating prompt diagnosis and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

* Review recent findings on Plasmodium knowlesi infections in children and adults.
* Examine pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of P. knowlesi malaria.
* Highlight the need for monitoring transmission and host-switch events.

Main Methods:

* Literature review of recent Plasmodium knowlesi case reports and studies.
* Analysis of regional variations in etiology and vector species.
* Comparison of severe P. knowlesi malaria with severe falciparum malaria.

Main Results:

* Regional differences in Plasmodium knowlesi etiology and vectors identified.
* Parasitemia correlates with disease severity; specific diagnostic tools are essential.
* No treatment failures reported; severe P. knowlesi malaria pathophysiology is being elucidated.

Conclusions:

* Plasmodium knowlesi poses significant challenges to malaria control in Southeast Asia.
* Sensitive and specific diagnostics are vital for at-risk populations and travelers.
* Monitoring P. knowlesi transmission dynamics is critical to anticipate and prevent outbreaks.