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Clinicohistopathological correlation in leprosy.

M C Mathur1, R B K Ghimire, P Shrestha

  • 1Department of Dermatology, College of Medical Sciences, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal.

Kathmandu University Medical Journal (KUMJ)
|June 20, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Histopathological examination of skin biopsies confirms clinical leprosy diagnoses in Nepal, showing high correlation across various leprosy types. This aids in accurate diagnosis and treatment guidance for this infectious disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Leprosy, caused by Mycobacterium leprae, is a chronic infectious disease.
  • The Ridley and Jopling Classification categorizes leprosy but faces interpretation variability in clinical and histopathological assessments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To correlate clinical diagnoses with histopathological findings in leprosy patients in Nepal.
  • To evaluate the utility of skin biopsies in leprosy diagnosis within the Nepalese context.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective hospital-based study analyzed 156 leprosy patients classified by the Ridley-Jopling system.
  • Skin biopsies were stained using Hematoxylin and Eosin and modified Fite-Ferraco stains.
  • Histopathological results were compared against initial clinical diagnoses.

Main Results:

  • An overall diagnostic correlation of 80.4% was observed between clinical and histopathological assessments.
  • High concordance rates were found in specific leprosy types: LL (95.2%), BT (89.74%), TT (73.2%), BL (72.4%), and BB (64.7%).
  • The study included patients aged 8 to 86, with the highest prevalence in the 21-30 age group.

Conclusions:

  • Leprosy remains a significant infectious disease in Nepal.
  • Skin biopsy is a valuable tool for confirming clinical leprosy diagnoses.
  • Histopathological examination provides crucial guidance for leprosy treatment strategies.