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Surgical Techniques for Catheter Placement and 5/6 Nephrectomy in Murine Models of Peritoneal Dialysis
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Published on: July 19, 2018

Dialysis disequilibrium syndrome.

Diana Zepeda-Orozco1, Raymond Quigley

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.

Pediatric Nephrology (Berlin, Germany)
|June 20, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Dialysis disequilibrium syndrome (DDS) is a serious complication of hemodialysis that is not well understood. This review examines DDS pathophysiology and prevention strategies, as avoiding it is crucial.

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Dialysis disequilibrium syndrome (DDS) is a rare but severe complication of hemodialysis.
  • Despite hemodialysis being a routine procedure for over 50 years, DDS remains poorly understood.
  • Symptoms range from headache to coma, with cerebral edema and increased intracranial pressure as primary factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathophysiology of dialysis disequilibrium syndrome.
  • To discuss factors crucial for avoiding the development of DDS.
  • To highlight the limited success of treating established DDS.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on dialysis disequilibrium syndrome.
  • Analysis of the mechanisms contributing to cerebral edema and increased intracranial pressure during dialysis.
  • Examination of preventative strategies based on current understanding.

Main Results:

  • The precise mechanisms causing cerebral edema and increased intracranial pressure in DDS are not fully elucidated.
  • Treatment of established DDS is often unsuccessful, emphasizing the importance of prevention.
  • Understanding pathophysiology is key to developing effective avoidance measures.

Conclusions:

  • Dialysis disequilibrium syndrome poses significant risks to patients undergoing hemodialysis.
  • Further research into the underlying mechanisms is needed.
  • Preventative strategies are paramount due to the challenges in treating DDS once it occurs.