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Related Concept Videos

Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology

Vasogenic edema is a major form of cerebral edema characterized by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain’s extracellular space due to disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a specialized structure composed of endothelial cells connected by tight junctions, supported by astrocytic endfeet and a basement membrane. Under normal conditions, it tightly regulates the movement of ions, proteins, and solutes between the bloodstream and brain parenchyma. When this barrier loses...
Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction01:17

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...
Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
Cerebral Edema l: Introduction01:19

Cerebral Edema l: Introduction

Cerebral edema is a pathological increase in brain water content that disrupts intracranial pressure regulation and impairs neurological function. Because the cranial vault is rigid, even modest increases in tissue volume can compromise cerebral perfusion, distort neural structures, and initiate secondary injury. Cerebral edema develops through four principal mechanisms: vasogenic, cytotoxic, interstitial, and ionic.Vasogenic EdemaVasogenic edema arises from disruption of the blood–brain...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2026

Evaluation of the Cognitive Performance of Hypertensive Patients with Silent Cerebrovascular Lesions
07:30

Evaluation of the Cognitive Performance of Hypertensive Patients with Silent Cerebrovascular Lesions

Published on: April 23, 2021

Severe underweight and cerebral microbleeds.

Shigeki Yamada1, Takeshi Satow, Atsushi Fukuda

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Shiga Medical Center for Adults, Moriyama, Shiga, Japan. shigekiyamada3@gmail.com

Journal of Neurology
|June 20, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Severely low body mass index (BMI) significantly increases the risk of cerebral microbleeds. This finding holds true even when accounting for factors like age and smoking, highlighting underweight as an independent risk factor.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Radiology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Body mass index (BMI) is linked to intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) risk.
  • Cerebral microbleeds are small vascular lesions in the brain.
  • Understanding factors associated with microbleeds is crucial for neurological health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between body mass index (BMI) and the presence of cerebral microbleeds.
  • To determine if specific BMI categories pose a higher risk for microbleeds.

Main Methods:

  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using a 3D T2-weighted gradient-recalled-echo sequence assessed microbleeds.
  • Participants over 40 without specific vascular conditions were included.
  • Multivariate analyses adjusted for various demographic and clinical factors.

Main Results:

  • Severe underweight (BMI < 17.0 kg/m²) was associated with a significantly higher risk of cerebral microbleeds compared to normal BMI.
  • This association remained significant after stratification by age, smoking status, cancer history, and ICH history.
  • Severe underweight was identified as an independent risk factor for cerebral microbleeds.

Conclusions:

  • Severe underweight is an independent predictor of cerebral microbleeds.
  • This relationship persists even after controlling for age, smoking, and pre-existing illnesses.
  • Maintaining a healthy BMI may be important for reducing the risk of cerebral microbleeds.