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Oxidative stress, Nox isoforms and complications of diabetes--potential targets for novel therapies

Mona Sedeek1, Augusto C Montezano, Richard L Hebert

  • 1Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.

Journal of Cardiovascular Translational Research
|June 20, 2012
PubMed

Insights

Oxidative stress from NADPH oxidase (Nox) enzymes contributes to major diabetes complications like kidney disease and retinopathy. Targeting Nox enzymes may offer new therapies for diabetic cardiovascular and renal issues.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Diabetology
  • Cardiovascular Research

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus leads to severe cardiovascular and renal diseases.
  • Oxidative stress, driven by reactive oxygen species (ROS), is a key factor in diabetic complications.
  • The NADPH oxidase (Nox) enzyme family is a primary source of ROS in diabetes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of Nox enzymes and oxidative stress in diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy, and atherosclerosis.
  • To explore Nox isoforms as potential therapeutic targets for diabetes complications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on experimental and clinical studies.
  • Analysis of the biochemical pathways linking Nox, ROS, and diabetic pathology.
  • Discussion of therapeutic strategies targeting Nox enzymes.

Main Results:

  • Increased ROS bioavailability via Nox enzymes is evident in diabetes.
  • Nox-derived oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy, and atherosclerosis.
  • Specific Nox isoforms are identified as contributors to these complications.

Conclusions:

  • Nox enzymes and associated oxidative stress play a critical role in major diabetes complications.
  • Targeting specific Nox isoforms presents a promising therapeutic avenue for managing diabetic cardiovascular and renal diseases.

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