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Steady inter and intra-annual decrease in the vocalization frequency of Antarctic blue whales.

Alexander N Gavrilov¹, Robert D McCauley, Jason Gedamke

¹Centre for Marine Science and Technology, Curtin University of Technology, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia. a.gavrilov@cmst.curtin.edu.au

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

|June 21, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Antarctic blue whale calls near Australia show a consistent seasonal increase in noise. The frequency of these 27 Hz whale vocalizations steadily declined over nine years, with potential causes under investigation.

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Area of Science:

Marine bioacoustics
Animal vocalizations
Oceanography

Background:

Antarctic blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus intermedia) vocalizations create a distinct narrow-band noise.
This 27 Hz noise band is seasonally prominent off Australia's Southwest coast.
Understanding long-term acoustic patterns is crucial for marine mammal research.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze spectral characteristics of Antarctic blue whale vocalizations over a nine-year period.
To investigate long-term trends and seasonal patterns in whale call frequency.
To identify potential drivers for observed changes in vocalization frequency.

Main Methods:

Utilized ambient noise data from the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty hydroacoustic station off Cape Leeuwin, Western Australia (2002-2010).
Applied Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis to 7-day averaged noise spectra with approximately 0.06 Hz frequency resolution.
Performed regression analysis to determine the interannual rate of peak frequency change.

Main Results:

The spectral peak frequency of Antarctic blue whale calls decreased from ~27.7 Hz in 2002 to ~26.6 Hz in 2010.
An interannual decrease rate of 0.135 ± 0.003 Hz/year was observed.
Seasonal frequency peaks showed a greater rate of decrease (0.4-0.5 Hz/season) but recovered annually.

Conclusions:

A significant, consistent interannual decline in Antarctic blue whale vocalization frequency was detected.
The study highlights the importance of long-term acoustic monitoring for understanding marine mammal populations.
Further research is needed to determine the causes of this observed frequency shift.